最近疫情快过去了，该复工的也都复工了，又赶上毕业季，很多小朋友都要面临人生选择题，包括考什么学校，选什么专业，换个什么样的工作，尤其是很多要面试的小朋友就问我：面试需要做什么准备呢？
Many countries are starting their recovery plan from COVID-19, places are reopening, people are getting back to offices, and it‘s graduating season again. Many of you guys are facing a life intersection, including what school to go, which major to choose, and what kind of job to change. Especially those new grads who have to interview frequently messaged me with the same question: how to prepare for an interview?
虽然我不是HR，但我知道你会被问到最难的面试题是：“有哪件大众认为理所当然、你却和其他人有不同看法的事情呢？”
Although I am not a hiring manager, I know that probably the hardest question you would get in an interview is: "What is one thing that the public takes for granted that you see as different from others?"
其实这个问题大有来历，是硅谷大佬Peter Thiel面试时最爱问的一个问题。
This question came from one of the most successful people in Silicon Valley Peter Thiel's favorite question in the interview.
如果用这个问题问李佳琪，我猜他的回答是：“不是只有女人才能代言口红。”
If you asked this question to Li JiaQi, I bet his answer is "Lipstick is not just for women to endorse."
那如果这个问题问何同学呢？我猜他的答案是：“老师好，不是只有你才能讲5G，我和小丹尼也能讲5G。”
Or if you ask this question to He Tongxue, I guess his response to it would be: "Hi Teacher, not only you can teach 5G technology, but also Danny and I."
现在你可以想想，如果面试官问你：“有哪件大众认为理所当然、你却和其他人有不同看法的事情？”你的回答是什么呢？
Maybe now it's time for you to think about how would you answer the question: " What is one thing that the public takes for granted that you see as different from others?"
如果深挖一步这个问题的本质，其实是苏格拉底的辩证法。辩证法说白了就是“化身理性的杠精，各种反驳我自己”。
If you dive deep into this question, it's Socrates’s dialectics. In other words, it's just to try to refute myself with anything it takes.
顺便问问大家，你觉得辩证法可以用在你和女朋友吵架的时候吗？遇到这种情况就不要着急用辩证法了，毕竟能活下去才是真的。
By the way, do you think dialectics can be used when you are fighting with your girlfriend? Please don't, please don't use this tactic in this case if you still want to live.
其实，辩证法不仅可以用在面试中，在我“谈车说科技”的案例库中也比比皆是。比如不同车企对于出行和驾驶的不同追求，有的车企强调的是百公里加速，而有的车企希望你在路途中给你更好的体验，比如雷克萨斯LC总工程师佐藤说过：“比起把加速时间提高1秒，我们更在乎的是带给驾驶者怎样的加速感受。”换句话说就是雷克萨斯对技术的应用是建立在保证人的感受基础上，坐过的同学应该能感受到有多爽。
Dialectics can be used in an interview, and it can also be easily found in my "tech and cars" case study database. For example, different car companies have different pursuits for travel and driving. Some car companies emphasize 100km acceleration, while some car companies want to give you a better experience on the road. Lexus LC's chief engineer Sato once said: "It's more about how the driver feels about accelerating than it is about increasing the acceleration time by 1 second." In other words, Lexus's main focus is on how technology guarantees customer experience, those who have sat through it should be able to feel how good it is.
所以很多事情都可以辩证地看，特别是当我们有选择困难症的时候，辩证法是个不错的思考方式。就像罗老师分析张三的选择题，那今天我就给大家讲讲：年轻人容易踩坑的三大选择题。
So, a lot of things can be viewed dialectically, especially when we have choice difficulties, and dialectics is a good way to think. Just like the way that Prof. Luo analyzing multiple-choice questions about John, today I’d like to talk about three mistakes that young people can easily make with multiple-choice questions.
我是小丹尼，谈车说科技。本集视频不遵循我的标准：随你反驳，而是新的标准：随我反驳，因为我要挑战自己的惯有思维了。
I’m Danny, I talk about tech and cars. This episode will not follow my regular standard: refute as you like, but a new standard: refute as I wish since I’m going to challenge my habitual thinking.
先说第一个选择题：充实和空闲。
First, we will start with the first multiple-choice:full or free.
几乎所有人，都在提倡充实的必要性，比如上班时间从855到996甚至是007，但我们总不能像加缪笔下的西西弗，永无止境地推着石头上山。
Almost everyone is advocating the importance of enrichment. Like regular workdays are increased from 855 to 996 and even to 007. But we cannot always be like Sisyphus in Camus' writing and forever push the rock up a mountain.
偶尔熬夜、放空、叛逆、冒险、发发呆做个白日梦，才是激发创造力的正解，就连科学大V牛顿也现身说法，告诉我们：万有引力不是在实验室实验出来的，而是坐苹果树下发呆灵光乍现的。
Occasional staying up late, taking on adventures, rebelling the social norms, and daydreaming, these are the right way to stimulate creativity. Even Newton's story proved my theory: gravity was not from labs and researches, it’s from a flash of light a sitting under an apple tree.
这里推荐一本硅谷创业者人手一本的畅销书《离经叛道》。社会学科学家Adam Grant通过对上百位不按常理出牌但改变了世界的大人物进行了深入研究，总结出了一系列他们的共性。其中一点，估计你想不到，就是拖延和放空对于创新的重要性。
Here I would recommend a best-selling book among Silicon Valley entrepreneurs: Originals. Sociological scientist Adam Grant conducted an in-depth study of hundreds of celebrities who were non-conformists but changed the world. Adam summed up a series of their commonalities. An unexpected finding among all others is the importance of procrastinating and space out for innovation.
根据Adam Grant的研究，有创造力的人总是“比别人起步得更快，但完成得更慢”。所以大佬也有拖延症，而且很擅于在关键时刻给自己的大脑留白，让灵光乍现。
According to Adam Grant's research, creative people always "start faster than others, but finish more slowly." Therefore, big shots also have procrastination and are very good at leaving their brain blank at critical moments, so that the great idea could flash through their minds.
国画中的“留白”，就是这种精神的艺术表达。黑为墨、白为纸，纸墨留白，虚实相生，留有让人想象的余地，高章矣。
"Leaving blank space" in Chinese painting is an artistic of this spirit. Ink draws as black, and paper shows as white. Black and white illuminate each other, and the real and the virtual are coexisting harmoniously. It offers an imaginary space to the people, so brilliant.
拖延和放空不是病，懒才是。不把时间排得太满，不让手机内存过爆，才是保持高效运行的王道。现代社会脚步很快，我们都习惯了左顾右盼，争先恐后，也难有给自己留白去思考人生的时间。在这方面，日本文化中有个概念能给人不少启发。
Procrastinating and space out are not problems, but laziness is. The critical points to keep the high-efficiency operation are: don't occupy yourself with too many things and don't overload your mobile phone. The pace of modern society is swift. We are all used to look around, scramble, and hardly leave any time for ourselves to think about our life. In this regard, there is an inspiring concept in Japanese culture.
什么概念呢？
And what's that?
IKIGAI，意思是“生活的意义”，说白了就是问自己一个问题：“你为什么要活着呢？”
IKIGAI. It means "the meaning of life". Put simply, it requires you to ask yourself a question: "Why do you want to live??"
说实话这个概念确实有点虚，但其实有非常实诚的操作步骤。如何确定自己为什么要活着呢？我们来看个IKIGAI模型：
To be honest, this concept is abstract, but it has concrete steps. How to figure out why do I want to live? Let's take a look at the IKIGAI model:
IKIGAI模型
分成四个圆，
It consists of four circles,
第一个圆：你热爱什么？
第二个圆：你擅长什么？
第三个圆：你能靠什么养家糊口？
第四个圆：世界需要你干什么？
如果只满足其中一个圆，那你肯定离幸福圆满比较远。
The first circle: What do you love?
The second circle: What are you good at?
The third circle: What you can be paid for?
Fourth circle: What does the world need you to do?
If you only fit in one circle, you must be far from happiness.
能同时满足两个圆，又会怎样？
What if you can fit in two circles at the same time?
1&2圆的交集：做自己热爱且擅长的事，让人激情四射。
2&3圆的交集：做自己擅长且能养家糊口的事，变身职业达人。
3&4圆的交集：做世界需要你做的事，获得成就感和自我价值。
1&4圆的交集：心中热爱和使命感相融合，高尚且受人尊敬。
但只有两两圆相交，也还可能剑走偏锋。
The intersection of No.1 & No.2 circles: finding things you love, and you are good at. This makes people passionate.
The intersection of No.2 & No.3 circles: finding things you are good at and could support your family. This makes you become a professional.
The intersection of No.3 & No.4 circles: finding things the world needs you to do. This brings you a great sense of achievement and enhances self-worth.
The intersection of No.1 & No.4 circles: finding things you love by heart and are motivated by a sense of mission. This makes you noble and respected.
But if you only fit in two circles,you may not be able to reach happiness.
最美满的模式，是找到自己的IKIGAI, 一个让四圆重叠的事情。已经找到自己钟爱之事，擅长之能，必履之责，营生之业，还有女朋友，以上这些你都有了吗？全都有的同学请你保持安静，不要用弹幕酸大家了。
The perfect model is to find your own IKIGAI — one thing that makes all four circles overlap. Have you seen what you are loving, what you are good at, what does the world need you to do, what can be paid for, and a girlfriend? Do you have all of these? If the answer is yes, please be quiet, and don't show off on the screen to make others feel jealous.
无论是之前火遍全国的《大国崛起》纪录片里的各种中国匠人，还是日本著名的寿司之神小野二郎、天妇罗之神早乙女哲哉等等，其实都是IKIGAI四圆重叠的体现。再比如，日本的千年古窑冈山备前烧中，历史最悠久的一阳窑少主人木村肇，坚持一定得用“赤松木”当燃料，还要保证窑的温度非1200度不可，将制陶手艺代代相传，一年只开两次窑，将自然力量与大师技艺融合，他们把自己的工作就当作是自己生活的乐趣，进而发现自己人生的意义，正如寿司之神小野二郎所说：“我的梦想是最后一刻在工作的时候倒下离开。”
Whether it is the various Chinese artisans in the famous documentary, The Rise of the Great Powers, or the legendary Japanese sushi master Ono Jiro, or the tempura master Saotome Tetsuya, etc., they are the embodiment of IKIGAI, the four-circle overlap. Another example can be found in the ancient Okayama Kiln in Japan. Hajime Kimura is the young owner of the oldest Bizen ware. He insisted on using "red pine wood" as fuel, and also ensuring that the temperature of the kiln must be 1200 degrees. The pottery craftsmanship is handed down from generation to generation and the kiln only opens twice a year. These people combine natural power with the skills of masters and they regard their work as the pleasure of life and then discover their meaning of life. Just like the master of sushi Ono Jiro Said: "My dream is to pass away at work in the last minute of my life."
其实，IKIGAI的灵魂拷问，不只适用于个人，也适用于企业。IKIGAI的理念在企业上的体现就是：不盲目追求大产量和高速度，而是当大多数企业还是为了生存和利润而经营的时候，有的企业已经开始探寻生命之于个体、社会的意义了。比如丰田的社长丰田章男在最近财报里就提到的：
In fact, the concept of IKIGAI is not only applicable to individuals but also enterprises. Its reflection in enterprises is not blindly pursuing large output and high speed. When most companies are still seeking profits for survival, some companies have already begun to explore the meaning of life for individuals and for society. For instance, Toyota’s CEO Akio Toyoda mentioned in the recent financial report:
需要思考作为人、作为企业，应该如何生存，如何珍惜同一个家乡，同一个国家，同一个地球。
we need to think about how we, as human beings and as companies, should live our lives, and how we should treasure the hometown, the country, and the earth we live with.
再说第二个选择题：高速和极致
The second multiple choice: high-speed or perfection.
先说高速。无论是遍布全国并走向世界的高铁，还是奔跑在各楼道的快递小哥，都懂得高速的重要性。
Let's talk about high-speed first. Whether it's high-speed trains that run all over the country and reach out to the world or couriers running from one building to another, they all understand the importance of high-speed.
硅谷大佬里德·霍夫曼在著作《闪电式扩张》里的核心思想就是：
Reid Hoffman, the tycoon of Silicon Valley, puts forward his core idea in his book Blitzscaling: The Lightning-Fast Path to Building Massively Valuable Companies:
面对不确定时，优先考虑高速增长。
Prioritizing high-speed development of a company even in the face of uncertainty.
那“高速”一定就是万能的吗？不一定。
However, is high-speed everything? Not necessarily.
比如去欧洲旅游，很多旅行团都爱搞什么8日10国游，大多数人只能拍个照、发个朋友圈、买个包完事了，而不能享受午夜巴黎、罗马假日和西西里的美丽传说。
For example, many tour groups tend to arrange a 10-country tour in 8 days. In this way, group members can only take some photos to post on their social media, and just shopping for some luxury goods. They wouldn't be able to enjoy the Midnight Paris, Roman Holidays, or the Beautiful Legend of Sicily.
再想想你的初恋，如果她只想着“高速”，就应该淘宝下单，用得着花几个月为你学、为你织那条红色围巾吗？
Now think about your first love. If she only cared about high-speed, she could have placed an order on Taobao, instead of spending a few months learning and knitting that red scarf for you.
所以说“高速”并不是在所有场景都万能的，“极致”也是人们的一大追求。
Thus, "high-speed" is limited to some extent. Perfection is also pursued by many people.
就像欧洲的艺术家们为了追求“极致”，他们就是典型的“慢性子”，比如达芬奇前后用了16年，改来改去，才有了蒙娜丽莎的微笑。罗丹各种纠结，耗费37年，才把“地狱之门”造出来。高迪直到死，都还没完工世上最伟大的建筑---巴塞罗那的圣家族大教堂。
European artists are typical slowcoaches in pursuit of perfection. For example, Da Vinci spent 16 years working on and off on the famous painting Mona Lisa's Smile. Auguste Rodin struggled 37 years to create the masterpiece—The Gates of Hell. Gaudi didn't finish the world’s greatest architecture in his lifetime—The Sagrada Família in Barcelona.
再看看我们东方也有很多极致的案例，比如中国有一门传统工艺——米雕，有句话叫：“一颗米内藏世界，半边锅里煮乾坤”，米雕原本是古人科举考试时的作弊神器，后来才变成一门艺术，匠人把诗情画意都雕在米粒上，没有积累多年的微雕技术和超级耐心，都无法完成。
Take a look at the cases of perfection in the East, and one of them is a traditional Chinese craft—rice carving. There is a saying: "The world is hidden in a grain of rice, and the universe can be found in half pot." Rice carving was originally used to cheat in exams in ancient China. Later, it turned into an art. Craftsmen carve the exquisite and poetic world on the grains of rice, and this couldn’t be done without years of accumulation of miniature carving skills and super patience.
这种”慢工出细活”的案例，在艺术界不少，但在商界就比较少见了，只有极少数顶级品牌，才舍得这么干。比如雷克萨斯的设计团队，就愿意花三年时间，只为打造一个拥有完美弧度的门把手，用户能够无论用左手还是右手开门都能感受到舒适完美的抓握体验。
Cases of "soft fire makes sweet malt" are quite common in the art field but are relatively rare in business. Only a few top brands are willing to do so. The design team of Lexus is an example. It took them three years just to perfect the curve of a door handle and bring users a comfortable and excellent grip experience whether they use left or right hands.
事实上，高速和极致都不是万能的。只追求高速，容易缺少人情味而且容易粗制滥造；而一味追求极致，又容易太花钱、伤神、不省心。因此，就有了这种提倡“绿色卓越地带”的导向图：
In fact, neither high-speed nor perfection is everything. Too much focus on high speed might lead to a lack of sense of humanity and easy to produce shoddy work, while the pursuit of the only perfection is often capital-consuming, painstaking, and laborious. Therefore, a guide map came out and promoted the "Green Zone of Excellence".
所以很多选择并不是非此即彼，而是“绿色卓越地带”，比如我之前讲过很多事情都是“平衡的艺术”。
As such, many choices are not one or the other but the "Green Zone of Excellence". Just as many things are the art of balance that I mentioned before.
最后说第三个选择题：AI和IA
Third multiple-choice — AI or IA.
我相信大家都知道AI，但不一定了解IA，所以我先做个丹尼百科。20世纪50年代，当人工智能领域诞生的时候，就有两个不同的方向：
I believe that everyone knows AI, but not IA, so I will start with Dannypedia. In the 1950s, when the artificial intelligence originally emerged, there were two directions:
AI （Artificial Intelligence，人工智能），是以机器的智能化为中心。
AI, which concentrates on the intelligence of machines.
IA （Intelligence Augmentation ，智力放大），是以优化人的体验为目的。
IA (Intelligence Augmentation), which aims to optimize human experience.
AI是当下最热的科技话题，大家对AI技术和应用的探索很多，但对它更哲学理性的思考却很少。
AI is the hottest technology topic nowadays. There is a lot of exploration and researches on AI technologies and applications but little philosophical thinking about it.
如果说上世纪的工业革命发明的玩意儿，包括车、飞机、机器等等，解放了人类的手脚，替代我们做了不少体力劳动；那21世纪的数字革命，就是在逐步解放我们的大脑，替代我们做脑力劳动。
If the industrial revolution inventions in the last century, including cars, planes, machines, etc., freed our hands and did a lot of manual work for us, then the digital revolution in the 21st century has been gradually freeing our brain from mental work.
我们都知道近10年，人工智能的发展速度相当惊人。
We all know that in the past 10 years, the AI has been developing at an amazing speed.
全球人工智能软件市场规模2018-2025
不久前，机器人还不能走路，现在人家已经可以后空翻了。
Not long ago, the robot could not walk, but now it can backflip.
那同样在不久前，AI还分辨不出吉娃娃和蓝莓蛋糕的区别，现在已经有精准到毫厘的人脸识别了。
At that time, AI could not distinguish the difference between a Chihuahua and a blueberry cake, and the face recognition now is of millimeter precision.
吉娃娃和蓝莓蛋糕
还是在不久前，AI还不会下棋，现在AlphaGo已经掌握了人类3000多年的围棋套路，轻松秒杀人类。
AI could not play chess a few years ago, but now AlphaGo has mastered more than 3,000 years' worth of human Go routines and can easily beat any human players.
就像AI研究者Max Tegmark说的：最吓人的不是AlphaGo击败了最优秀的人类棋手，而是它击败了那些打造AlphaGo的人。没错，就连开发AlphaGo的研究者、程序员，也无法解释这狗是如何通过日夜自我对战，获得超能力的。
As AI researcher Max Tegmark said: the most frightening thing is not that AlphaGo beat the best human chess players but that AlphaGo beat those who built it. Even the researchers and programmers who developed AlphaGo couldn't explain how it fights itself day and night to acquire superpower.
AI的进步势不可挡，小时候我的心愿是---“发明一个会帮我做作业的机器人”，看来也很快能被实现了。AI确实很牛，但如果用苏格拉底辩证法，就得去思考：人工智能真的百益而无一害吗？科技真的万能吗？
The progress of AI is inevitable. My dream, when I was a child, is to invent a robot that can do homework for me, and this dream seems to be realized soon. AI works well indeed,if we contemplate it using Socrates' dialectics, we will need to consider: Is artificial intelligence really beneficial and harmless? Is technology everything?
科技就像大炮一样猛烈，但前提是我们必须明确它的瞄准方向，这时候就可以用上我们第一部分讲的IKIGAI的概念了，科技是否服务于人，是否能够帮助人实现人的价值和幸福。这就要说到我们刚刚提到的IA了，即以优化人的体验为目的。说白了就是科技的原点是服务于人，而不是取代人。
Technology is as fierce as a cannon, and we must operate it in the right direction. Now, the concept of IKIGAI introduced in the first part can be used. Does technology serve people and help people realize their value and happiness? This leads to the IA we just mentioned, which is about optimizing the human experience. In a word, the purpose of technology is to serve people but not replace us.
作为谈车说科技的up主，我想说说IA在汽车领域的应用。
As a KOL of cars and technologies, I want to talk about the application of IA in the automotive field.
从纯技术的角度看，自动驾驶技术取代老司机开车，只是时间问题。当一个人不能或不想开车时，这个技术让人爽歪歪。
Technically, it is only a matter of time before autopilot replaces experienced drivers. When a person can’t or doesn’t want to drive, this technology is awesome.
但如果只有机器开车，禁止人类开车了，那对秋名山车神来说，是很可悲的。
But if only robots drive and human are forbidden to drive, it is very sorrowful for the Akiyama Racing Champion.
科技的目的，应该是增加生活的乐趣，而不是减少我们的体验和选择自由。
The purpose of technology should be increasing the joy of life rather than reducing the freedom of our experience and options.
比如世界上早就有帮你“一条龙”做饭的机器了，但最好吃的饭菜往往是你妈妈的手艺，而不是那种机器做出来没有灵魂的饭菜。
For example, there are machines in the world that can set you free from all the cooking processes. However, your favorite meals are often cooked by your mother not machine cooked meals with no affection.
现在科技界最聪明的人，大多都在琢磨怎么让机器变得更加聪明，但与此同时我们还要去思考：科技进化如何能带来更多的乐趣？
Right now, the smartest people in the tech field are trying to figure out how to make machines smarter, while at the same time we all have to think: how will technology evolution lead to more fun and delight?
比如之前我在DannyData视频里讲到的苹果公司，就是IA理念的优秀代表，我们都知道用苹果手机玩游戏绝对不是最爽的、摄像头像素也不是最高一个亿的、充电不是最快的、屏幕刷新率也不是最高的，但要说苹果生态的整体体验，那苹果完全不用说自己是东半球第一，也不用说西半球的第一，而是明显的全球第一，这就是当科技以人为本的原点出发时的魅力。
Like Apple, I discussed in the previous DannyData episodes, represents the IA theory well. We all know that the game experience of Apple is not the best, the camera pixel isn't the highest by a billion, the charging speed isn't the fastest, and the screen refresh rate isn't the highest. However, when it comes to the overall experience of the Apple product ecosystem, Apple will not claim itself as the East or the West top one but has proven itself the obvious global top one. This shows the charm of people-oriented technology.
再比如雷克萨斯的多级全混动科技系统，可以模拟10个档位，在消除顿挫的同时，提供更加精准而富有节奏感的换挡体验，实现人车合一的驾驶快感。同时它也是目前能把节能环保与强劲性能结合得最好的混合动力系统。
Another example is Lexus' multi-stage full-hybrid technology system. This system can simulate 10 gears, eliminating jams while providing a more precise and rhythmic gearshifting experience and realizing the thrill of driving as one unity. It is also the best hybrid system available that combines energy efficiency with powerful performance.
说了这么多，我不止想给大家提供回答最难面试题的思路，更想通过苏格拉底辩证法，当自己固有思维的“杠精”，正如英国小说家罗伯特-哈里斯有句话说得又狠又准：
Well, I've talked a lot and provided some possible ways to answer that hardest interview question, but what I want to emphasize is the Socratic dialectic and being the one who challenges your own beliefs. As the English novelist Robert Harris once put it so harsh but precise:
要想抵达真理的源泉，有时就得逆流而上，因为只有垃圾才会随波逐流。
One always goes against the current to reach the wellsprings, it is the trash that flows with the current.
最后，我想分享一个最近挺火的艺术作品，名叫“片面”。你我看到的世界，都和我们的角度有关。当面临选择的困难时，保持一个辩证的思维方式，才能理解这个多面的、不完美的大千世界，就如许知远在十三邀里说的：“在宽阔的世界中，做一个不狭隘的人。”
Finally, I'd like to share a piece of art that's been hot lately, called "One-Sided". The world that you and I see is all about our perspectives. When facing the difficulty of choice, we should maintain a dialectical way of thinking in order to understand this multifaceted and imperfect world. Just as Xu Zhiyuan says in the "Thirteen Invitations": "In the wide world, be an open-minded person.
我是小丹尼，谈车说科技。
I'm Danny, I talk about tech and cars.
还记得开篇的时候，我提到的IKIGAI吗，你从什么角度看世界，这取决于你想成为一个怎样的人，想要过怎样的生活。那么，请你再思考我之前的问题：“你的IKIGAI是什么呢？”，我很喜欢韩寒所说: 我所理解的生活,就是和喜欢的一切在一起。那么你呢？Techs Never Die, 回见。
Remember the IKIGAI that I mentioned in the beginning? How do you see this world depends on what kind of person you want to be and what kind of life you want to live. So let's think about this question again:"What is you IKIGAI?" I appreciate what Han Han said: Life, according to my understanding, is to be with all that I love. So what about you? Techs Never Die. See you next time.
文稿/校对：小丹尼、Emma
剪辑/视觉：罗兆吉、Alex、赵忠彦、宁新茹、吕晓彬、雷杰
播讲：小丹尼
翻译：Xuyang、嘉瑶、杨墨、韩子菲、施震
排版：Xuyang、李扁担
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