《人格与社会心理学》的研究者康利经研究发现一夜情中女性的性心理动机。追寻快乐的本能是出于进化的需求？
A researcher upends traditional thinking and argues that both genders are looking for the same thing: Pleasure
一位研究者颠覆了传统的观点，他认为无论是男性还是女性都在寻找同一个东西：快乐。
By Tracy Clark-Flory
Forget what you think you know about the sexes when it comes to hooking up: A new study claims that women are just as likely as men to accept an offer of casual sex. That is, so long as they are sexually propositioned by Johnny Depp and Angelina Jolie, respectively.
忘记你所知道的关于男女在对待随意性行为方面的理论吧！一项最新的研究表明：女人和男人一样会接受随意性行为。只要这个提议是令他们心仪的人提出的，比如约翰尼德普，或者安吉丽娜朱莉。
OK, so that isn't terribly shocking -- but a study published in this month's Journal of Personality and Social Psychology raises some interesting questions about what it is that motivates no-strings sex. The University of Michigan's Terri Conley set out to replicate a classic 1989 social psychology study that found men were likely to accept an offer of casual sex, but women never did. For ethical and legal reasons -- pshh! -- she wasn't able to reproduce the social experiment exactly. Instead of having students proposition unwitting subjects around campus, Conley presented fully informed participants with a hypothetical situation and asked how they would expect themselves to respond. So, a grain of salt would be wise.
嗯，这并不是什么可怕的令人震惊的事情。---但在本月（2011.2）出版的《人格与社会心理学》杂志的一个研究就什么是“无附加条件的性行为”的动机一题提出了若干有趣问题。美国密西根大学的特里康利大学着手复制一个1989年的经典社会心理学研究，该研究曾发现男人更倾向于接受随意性行为的邀请，而女人从不-----出于道德和法律的因素。晕~~她无法完全准确地复制这个社会实验。康利没有在校园中让学生们接受不知情的测试，相反，她提出充分的假设，让参与调查的学生回答在假设的情况下他们怎样回应。所以，持保留态度或许是明智的。
Based on a survey of which famous peopl e students found most attractive and unattractive, researchers asked straight male participants to either consider a fling with Angelina Jolie or Roseanne. Hetero women were asked to either mull the possibility of a hookup with Johnny Depp or Donald Trump. The result: Women and men were equally likely to accept the proposal of the "attractive" famous person as they were to reject the "unattractive" celebrity. Conley writes that this is particularly interesting given the evo-psych view that women choose mates based on their good genes and capabilities as providers. "It is indeed difficult to imagine a better person to take care of a woman and her children than someone with the enormous resources of Donald Trump, yet women rejected him soundly," writes Conley. "This challenges the assumption that women are driven to choose mates with great resources."
在一个基于学生们认为的最有吸引力和不具吸引力的名人的测验中，研究者让参与调查的非同性恋的男性受访者去考虑一次和安吉丽娜朱莉或罗珊娜的艳遇，女性非同性恋受访者则去邂逅约翰尼.德普（美国知名影星）或唐纳德.特拉普（美国地产大亨）,结果无论是男生还是女生都一边倒地表示愿意接受有魅力的名人的提议，而拒绝没有吸引力的名人。康利写道：这一点特别地有趣，特别是当考虑到进化心理学中的认为女性选择伴侣主要看重对方的优良的遗传基因以及其作为一个生活保障者的实力。很难想象还有谁比唐纳德特朗普更有实力，去照顾一个女人和她的孩子？然而女人们却响亮地拒绝了他，这一点使得“物力影响女性挑选伴侣的假设”受到了挑战。
What exactly is at play here is up for debate, though. "Perhaps the perceived gains in status afforded to individuals who have a sexual encounter with an attractive famous individual are so great that they offset any gender differences by reducing the stigma associated with casual sex for women," Conley considers. But she ultimately settles on a more controversial hypothesis, suggesting that the disparity between men's and women's likelihood of actually getting pleasure out of a sexual encounter might be responsible for gender differences in willingness to engage in casual sex. In other words: Women are more discriminating about whom they sleep with in large part because they are much less likely to be sexually satisfied by the experience. There are countless other variables that I can't even begin to consider here -- but this study is at least fascinating as a conversation-starter and a kickoff for future research. I recently chatted with Conley about her findings, "pleasure theory" and the competing sexual pressures women face.
然而在这里真正起作用的到底是什么还值得进一步探讨。康利认为“也许是那种和有魅力的名人的性接触的感觉上的获得是如此地愉悦，以至于抵消了一部分女性对随意性行为的不好的感觉进而减少了两性在这个问题上的差异。但她最终做出了一个更有争议的假设：即男性和女性在性行为中所感受到的快乐的多少，决定了两性对待随意性行为的态度上的差别。换言之，女性更能识别什么样的男人能带给她快乐很大程度上是因为在性活动中女性更不容易得到满足。还有很多数不清的其他变量，在这里我甚至无法去考虑它们--但这项研究作为一个对话的开始以及未来研究的启动是十分吸引人的。近来我和康利就她的发现“快乐理论”，以及女性面对的竞争中的性别压力等话题进行了聊天：
If you could summa the importance of your findings in one sentence, what would it be?
如果用一句话概括你的发现的重要性，你会说什么?
Anticipated pleasure motivates both women and men to have casual sex and women would accept more casual sex offers from men if they believed that they would get good sex out of the encounter.
期望得到快乐是男人也是女人愿意接受随意性行为的动机。如果女人相信他们能够从性偶遇中获得好的性，那么她们就会愿意接受更多的邀请。
That brings up the "pleasure theory," which looms large in your research. What is it exactly?
你提出了“快乐理论”,对你的研究很重要。准确地讲它到底是什么含义？
The idea behind pleasure theory -- a theory developed by Paul Abramson and Steven Pinkerton -- is that pleasure itself is evolutionarily selected. If people are pleasuring each other in many different ways, enough procreative sex will occur to propagate the species.
“快乐理论”背后的思想，是由保罗.阿布拉姆森和史蒂文平克顿的理论发展而来的--即快乐本身是进化上的选择。如果人们以各种不同方式使双方愉悦满意，充足的生殖性行为就会使得这个物种更好地繁衍下去。
If women are motivated by pleasure theory, why is faking orgasms so common? Any hypothesis as to what larger purpose "faking it" serves in casual encounters?
如果女性的动机是来自快乐，为什么假装性高潮会那么普遍？
Sociologist Elizabeth Armstrong has shown that women do not feel entitled to sexual pleasure in casual heterosexual encounters. They seem to be more focused on providing the male partner with pleasure. If faking is common in casual sex encounters, it is likely because women are trying to do what they believe their male partner will like the best.
社会学家伊莉莎白 阿姆斯特朗曾表示：女性并不觉得自己享有性的快乐在异性恋的随意性行为中。他们似乎更聚焦于为自己的伙伴提供快乐。如果在随意性行为中假装高潮很普遍，那么很可能是因为女性试图想要让他们的伙伴获得最佳的感受。
What's the motivator there?
那么那种情况之下的动机是什么呢
Women are typically socialized to be more concerned about others' need than their own. They are also perceived negatively if they take the lead in sex.
女性被典型地社会化，相对于自己，她们更关心别人的需要。如果她们在性中占主导，她们也会被负面地看待。
Isn't the motivation to give men pleasure at odds with the general "pleasure theory," though?
那么给予男人快乐的动机岂不是和你所说的“快乐理论”相悖了么？
Yes, I believe it is; women have competing pressures -- they want sexual pleasure but other social forces prevent them from asking for it.
不，我相信"快乐理论"，女性有矛盾的压力，她们想要性的快乐,但其他的社会力妨碍了她们的要求。
Do we know whether women's perception of which men will bring them more pleasure actually bears out? In other words, using the example from the study: Is Johnny Depp necessarily a better lover than Donald Trump just because he's more attractive?
究竟哪个男人能带给她们更多的快乐，女人的直觉真的起作用么？话句话说，用研究中的一个例子吧，约翰尼一定会比唐纳德更像一个好爱人么？仅仅因为他比较有魅力？
Women orgasm only about 35 percent as often as men do in casual sex encounters -- again, according to research by sociologist Elizabeth Armstrong. Therefore, women's estimations of the ability or willingness of the male partner to provide them with sexual pleasure seem to be accurate.根据社会学家伊丽莎白的调查，较之于男性，在随意性活动中女性仅有35%的性高潮几率。因此，女性的对于男人能否给予她们快乐的能力以及意愿的判断看来是比较精确的。
What does your research tell us about women and how they calculate the risk of a particular sexual encounter?
关于女性你的研究告诉了我们一些什么？她们如何看待随意性行为中对风险？
Pleasure is the motivating force for both women and men in sexual encounter. Risk -- for example, STI risk or risk of violence -- does not appear to affect whether they accept or reject a casual sex offer.
在随意性活动中快乐是男人也是女人的动力，风险，比如性传播指数，或者暴力的风险--似乎没有影响到她们接受还是拒绝性邀请。
针对流行的进化论关于我们该怎样选择和什么样的人睡觉的问题，你的研究揭示了其那些弱点？
Sexual strategies theory proposes that women are motivated to accept sex because of the status of the potential sexual partner. I tested this possibility in several studies and it was never borne out. Moreover perceptions of status did not affect perceptions of the males' sexual capabilities, either. SST variables do not effectively explain gender differences in casual sex.性策略理论认为女性积极去接受性是因为潜在的性伙伴的重要身份。我在数个研究中测试来这种可能性，一直没有能证实。此外对于身份的认知也不影响对男性的性能力的认知。SST变量不能有效解释在随意性交活动中的性别差异。
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