一、宾语概览
宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。
不同词类作宾语
1.名词作宾语
She is playing the piano now.
2. 代词作宾语
We all like him.
3. 数词作宾语
Give me four.
4. the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing结构作宾语。
1) The young should respect the old .
2) They went to help the dying and the wounded.
3) They are searching for the lost.
5.不定式作宾语
We all like to go to school.
注意: I don’t know what to do next.
6.动名词作宾语
那么句子可以做宾语吗?
答案是可以
试着比较下面几个句子:
I don't know the phone number.
I don't know what his phone number is.
I don't know if this is his phone number.
以上三句都以句子作为句子的宾语部分
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句
二、宾语从句
宾从三要素:连词、语序、时态
引导词(连词):
1.由that引导陈述句意思的宾语从句,that 只有语法的作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体可省略。
2.If/whether 引导一般疑问句或者选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,意思为“是否”。
3.who,whom,whose,what,which和when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
语序:
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主语S+谓语V+……”
如:He asks,”Is he a student?”(疑问语序)
He asks if he is a student.(陈述语序)
时态:
含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:
1)如果主句的谓语动词是现在时(也可以现在完成时等),从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:
He studies English everyday.
He is studying English now.
He says (that)he will study English tomorrow.
He studied English yesterday.
He has studied English for 5 years.
“主现从不限”
2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如:
①The children didn't know who he was.
孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it had happened.
他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
*变化前后对比:
“主过从过”
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
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