Gluteus maximus 臀大肌 Origin 起点:Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, Gluteal surface of ilium (behind posterior gluteal line), Thoracolumbar fascia, Sacrotuberous ligament 骶尾部外侧后表面，髂骨臀侧表面(臀后线后方)，胸腰筋膜，骶结节韧带Insertion 止点: Iliotibial tract, Gluteal tuberosity of femur 髂胫束，股骨大转子Innervation 神经支配: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) 臀下神经(L5, S1, S2)Function 作用:Hip joint: Thigh extension, Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction (superior part), Thigh adduction (inferior part) 髋关节: 外展大腿、大腿外旋、大腿外展(上段)、大腿内收(下段)Gluteus medius 臀中肌Origin :Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines) 髂骨臀面(臀前线与臀后线之间)Insertion : Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur 股骨大转子侧面Innervation : Superior gluteal nerve (L4, S1) 臀上神经(L4, S1)Function :Hip joint: Thigh abduction, Thigh internal rotation(anterior part); Pelvis stabilization 髋关节: 大腿外展，大腿内旋(前段); 稳定骨盆Gluteus minimus 臀小肌 Origin：Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines) 髂骨臀面(臀前线与臀下线之间)Insertion：Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur 股骨大转子前面 Innervation：同臀中肌Function：同臀中肌
Tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌 Origin：Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), Outer lip of iliac crest 髂前上棘(ASIS)，髂嵴外缘Insertion：Iliotibial tract 髂胫束 Innervation：同臀中肌Function：Hip joint: Thigh internal rotation, (Weak abduction); Knee joint: Leg external rotation, (Weak leg flexion/extension); Stabilises hip & knee joints 髋关节: 大腿内旋，(外展作用弱); 膝关节: 外旋，(小腿屈伸作用弱); 稳定髋关节和膝关节Iliacus 髂肌Origin：Iliac fossa 髂窝Insertion：Lesser trochanter of femur 股骨小转子 Innervation：Femoral nerve (L2-L4) 股神经（L2-L4）Function：Hip joint: Thigh/trunk flexion, Thigh external rotation; Trunk lateral flexion (Psoas major/minor only) 髋关节:大腿/躯干屈曲，大腿外旋; 躯干侧屈(协同腰大肌/腰小肌)Psoas major 腰大肌Origin：Lateral aspects of T12–L5 vertebrae and intervertebral discs; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae T12-L5椎骨和椎间盘的侧面; 所有腰椎的横突Insertion：同髂肌 Innervation：Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3 脊神经前支L1-L3Function：同髂肌Psoas minor 腰小肌Origin：Vertebral bodies of T12 & L1 vertebrae T12、L1椎体Insertion：Iliopubic eminence, Pectineal line of pubis 髂耻隆起，耻骨线 Innervation：同腰大肌Function：同髂肌Obturator externus 闭孔外肌Origin：Anterior surface of obturator membrane, Bony boundaries of obturator foramen 闭孔膜前表面，闭孔边界Insertion：Trochanteric fossa of femur 股骨转子窝 Innervation：Obturator nerve (L3, L4) 闭孔神经（L3，L4）Function：Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction (from flexed hip); Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum 髋关节: 大腿外旋，大腿外展(屈髋); 稳定髋臼股骨头Obturator internus 闭孔内肌Origin：Ischiopubic ramus, Posterior surface of obturator membrane 坐骨支，闭孔膜后表面Insertion：Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur 股骨大转子内侧面 Innervation：Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) 闭孔内神经(L5, S1)Function：同闭孔外肌Superior gemellus 上孖肌Origin：Ischial spine 坐骨棘Insertion：Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, (via tendon of obtuator internus) 股骨大转子内侧面(经闭孔内肌腱) Innervation：同闭孔内肌Function：同闭孔外肌Inferior gemellus 下孖肌Origin：Ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节Insertion：同上孖肌 Innervation：Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) 支配股四头肌的神经（L5，S1）Function：同闭孔外肌
Piriformis 梨状肌Origin：Anterior surface of the sacrum (between the S2 and S4), Gluteal surface of ilium (near posterior inferior iliac spine), (Sacrotuberous ligament) 骶骨前表面(S2 - S4之间)、髂骨臀面(近髂后下棘)、骶结节韧带Insertion：Apex of greater trochanter of femur 股骨大转子的顶端 Innervation：Nerve to piriformis (S1-S2) 支配梨状肌神经（S1-S2）Function：同闭孔外肌
Quadratus femoris 股方肌Origin：Ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节Insertion：Intertrochanteric crest of femur 股骨粗隆间嵴 Innervation：Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) 支配股方肌的神经（L5，S1）Function：Hip joint: Thigh external rotation; Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum 髋关节：大腿外旋; 稳定髋臼股骨头
