Gluteus maximus 臀大肌 Origin 起点:Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, Gluteal surface of ilium (behind posterior gluteal line), Thoracolumbar fascia, Sacrotuberous ligament 骶尾部外侧后表面,髂骨臀侧表面(臀后线后方),胸腰筋膜,骶结节韧带Insertion 止点: Iliotibial tract, Gluteal tuberosity of femur 髂胫束,股骨大转子Innervation 神经支配: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) 臀下神经(L5, S1, S2)Function 作用:Hip joint: Thigh extension, Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction (superior part), Thigh adduction (inferior part) 髋关节: 外展大腿、大腿外旋、大腿外展(上段)、大腿内收(下段)Gluteus medius 臀中肌Origin :Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines) 髂骨臀面(臀前线与臀后线之间)Insertion : Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur 股骨大转子侧面Innervation : Superior gluteal nerve (L4, S1) 臀上神经(L4, S1)Function :Hip joint: Thigh abduction, Thigh internal rotation(anterior part); Pelvis stabilization 髋关节: 大腿外展,大腿内旋(前段); 稳定骨盆Gluteus minimus 臀小肌 Origin:Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines) 髂骨臀面(臀前线与臀下线之间)Insertion:Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur 股骨大转子前面 Innervation:同臀中肌Function:同臀中肌
Tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌 Origin:Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), Outer lip of iliac crest 髂前上棘(ASIS),髂嵴外缘Insertion:Iliotibial tract 髂胫束 Innervation:同臀中肌Function:Hip joint: Thigh internal rotation, (Weak abduction); Knee joint: Leg external rotation, (Weak leg flexion/extension); Stabilises hip & knee joints 髋关节: 大腿内旋,(外展作用弱); 膝关节: 外旋,(小腿屈伸作用弱); 稳定髋关节和膝关节Iliacus 髂肌Origin:Iliac fossa 髂窝Insertion:Lesser trochanter of femur 股骨小转子 Innervation:Femoral nerve (L2-L4) 股神经(L2-L4)Function:Hip joint: Thigh/trunk flexion, Thigh external rotation; Trunk lateral flexion (Psoas major/minor only) 髋关节:大腿/躯干屈曲,大腿外旋; 躯干侧屈(协同腰大肌/腰小肌)Psoas major 腰大肌Origin:Lateral aspects of T12–L5 vertebrae and intervertebral discs; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae T12-L5椎骨和椎间盘的侧面; 所有腰椎的横突Insertion:同髂肌 Innervation:Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3 脊神经前支L1-L3Function:同髂肌Psoas minor 腰小肌Origin:Vertebral bodies of T12 & L1 vertebrae T12、L1椎体Insertion:Iliopubic eminence, Pectineal line of pubis 髂耻隆起,耻骨线 Innervation:同腰大肌Function:同髂肌Obturator externus 闭孔外肌Origin:Anterior surface of obturator membrane, Bony boundaries of obturator foramen 闭孔膜前表面,闭孔边界Insertion:Trochanteric fossa of femur 股骨转子窝 Innervation:Obturator nerve (L3, L4) 闭孔神经(L3,L4)Function:Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction (from flexed hip); Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum 髋关节: 大腿外旋,大腿外展(屈髋); 稳定髋臼股骨头Obturator internus 闭孔内肌Origin:Ischiopubic ramus, Posterior surface of obturator membrane 坐骨支,闭孔膜后表面Insertion:Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur 股骨大转子内侧面 Innervation:Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) 闭孔内神经(L5, S1)Function:同闭孔外肌Superior gemellus 上孖肌Origin:Ischial spine 坐骨棘Insertion:Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, (via tendon of obtuator internus) 股骨大转子内侧面(经闭孔内肌腱) Innervation:同闭孔内肌Function:同闭孔外肌Inferior gemellus 下孖肌Origin:Ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节Insertion:同上孖肌 Innervation:Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) 支配股四头肌的神经(L5,S1)Function:同闭孔外肌
Piriformis 梨状肌Origin:Anterior surface of the sacrum (between the S2 and S4), Gluteal surface of ilium (near posterior inferior iliac spine), (Sacrotuberous ligament) 骶骨前表面(S2 - S4之间)、髂骨臀面(近髂后下棘)、骶结节韧带Insertion:Apex of greater trochanter of femur 股骨大转子的顶端 Innervation:Nerve to piriformis (S1-S2) 支配梨状肌神经(S1-S2)Function:同闭孔外肌
Quadratus femoris 股方肌Origin:Ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节Insertion:Intertrochanteric crest of femur 股骨粗隆间嵴 Innervation:Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) 支配股方肌的神经(L5,S1)Function:Hip joint: Thigh external rotation; Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum 髋关节:大腿外旋; 稳定髋臼股骨头