双语汇
学习，工作，退休？如何为百岁人生做准备
Study, Work, Retire?
How to Prepare for a 100-Year Life
What's the secret to living to 100? Some say it's ensuring plenty of exercise; others point to the benefits of a mild climate. There are even some who suggest that a healthy sex life has plenty do with it.
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活到百岁的秘诀是什么？有人说秘诀是保证大量锻炼，还有人提到了温和气候的益处。甚至有人提出，健康的性生活与此大有关系。
The number of people who live to 100 may be relatively small, but it's becoming more common - particularly in countries like Japan, which has the highest proportion of centenarians in the world.
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活到百岁的人可能相对很少，但这种情况正变得越来越常见，尤其是在日本等国。日本的百岁老人比例是全世界最高的。
As a result, policymakers in Japan have begun to look at how to cater to those who make it to the 100 club - and what they find could be of use to the rest of the world in the years to come.
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因此，日本决策者已经开始考虑如何照顾到那些成功跻身百岁俱乐部的人，他们的发现在未来几年里可能对世界其他地方有用。
Over the past year, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has led a series of meetings at the Council for Designing 100-year Life Society, an expert group set up to prepare for a rise in the number of centenarians.
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过去一年，日本首相安倍晋三主持召开了“设计100岁寿命社会”委员会的一系列会议，该委员会是一个为应对百岁老人增加而成立的专家组。
While living longer is usually a positive, it inevitably creates a number of practical challenges, such as the burden on the state to provide services, pensions and care for an increased number of elderly people. In Japan, this is compounded by a low birth rate, which means there are fewer people of working age to pay for services for the elderly through taxes or work for Japanese companies.
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虽然寿命更长通常是好事，但这难免会带来一些实际挑战，例如国家在为更多老年人提供服务、养老金和照顾方面的负担。在日本，雪上加霜的是出生率低，它意味着通过纳税或为日本企业工作而为老年人服务埋单的劳动年龄人口减少。
Among those to attend early meetings of Abe's council was Lynda Gratton, professor of management practice at London Business School and co-author of the book “The 100-Year Life: Living and Working in an Age of Longevity.”
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安倍“设计100岁寿命社会”委员会早期会议的参加者包括伦敦商学院管理实务教授、《百岁人生：长寿时代的生活和工作》一书的合著者琳达·格拉顿。
When addressing this issue of aging populations, she says, it's important that governments and businesses “tell a story” about how people can begin to live “multistage lives” in which they are able to take career breaks and work longer and across numerous fields. This “narrative” will help signal the challenges ahead and encourage the conversation on what life in aging societies will look like, Gratton adds.
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她说，在解决人口老龄化问题时，重要的一点是，政府和企业应该就人们如何能开始“多阶段人生”“讲述一个故事”，在这样的人生中，他们能够中途离职、工作更长时间并跨越众多领域。格拉顿还说，这种“讲述”有助于说明未来的挑战，并鼓励人们就老龄化社会中的生活会是什么样子展开讨论。
The Japanese government has proposed extending the mandatory retirement age for civil servants from 60 to 65. It has also spoken of encouraging “recurrent education,” helping people retrain throughout their careers, as well as enabling those who want to work into the later years to do so.
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日本政府提出将公务员的强制退休年龄由60岁延长至65岁。它还谈到鼓励“再教育”，帮助人们在整个职业生涯中接受再培训，并让那些希望工作到晚年的人能够如愿以偿。
Professor Hiroko Akiyama of the University of Tokyo's Institute of Gerontology believes these are welcome developments but says the pace of change needs to be faster.
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东京大学高龄社会综合研究所的秋山弘子教授认为这些都是可喜动向，但她说，改革步伐需要加快。
Akiyama points to how job-sharing, flexible working patterns and telecommuting can all play a part in helping more people stay in the workplace longer. The likes of artificial intelligence and robotics, far from reducing job opportunities, can also help seniors work longer by compensating for qualities that people may lose as they get older, such as strength or flexibility, she adds.
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秋山指出，岗位分享、灵活工作模式和远程办公都能在帮助更多人延长职业生涯方面发挥作用。她还说，人工智能和机器人技术之类东西远不会减少就业机会，它们能补偿人们可能随年龄增长而丧失的素质，比如体力或灵活性，从而也有助老年人延长职业生涯。
Japan has been one of the most visible nations in addressing these challenges but is far from alone in being affected by them.
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日本一直是在应对这些挑战方面最引人注目的国家之一，但受到这些挑战影响的远不止日本。
The global population of older persons (those 60 or older) numbered 962 million in 2017, according to the UN World Population Ageing report. That's more than twice as many as in 1980, when there were 382 million older persons worldwide, and the number is expected to double again by 2050, to nearly 2.1 billion.
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根据联合国《世界人口老龄化》报告，2017年全球老年（60岁以上）人口为9.62亿。该数字是1980年的两倍多，当时全世界有3.82亿老年人；到2050年，这个数字预计会再翻一番，达到近21亿。
Yet there could also be opportunity within the challenges of an aging society.
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然而，老龄化社会的挑战中可能也蕴藏着机遇。
Businesses in Japan have begun to open fitness clubs that cater to the elderly while robot carers have been introduced to nursing homes, high-value devices that could become lucrative exports.
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日本企业已经着手开办面向老年人的健身俱乐部，与此同时，护理机器人已经引入养老院，这种高价值设备可能成为利润丰厚的出口商品。
Gratton says Japan is at the forefront of developing robotics and machines that assist the elderly while “over-55s are spending more than anybody else” in the country.
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格拉顿说，日本在研发辅助老年人的机器人和机械方面走在前列，同时该国“55岁以上者目前的花费超过任何其他人群”。
However, she adds that countries globally must also begin to plan for a future in which the traditional three-stage life of study, work and retirement no longer applies.
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然而，她还说，全球各国还必须开始制定订计划迎接学习、工作和退休三阶段传统人生不再适用的未来。
“People have got to be much more proactive,” she says. As well as planning, saving and staying healthy, they must be “more savvy about what the future is going to be like.”
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她说：“人们必须更加积极主动。”除制订计划、存钱和保持健康外，他们必须“更加了解未来会是什么样子”。
Rather than thinking about growing ever older, she adds, people should think about being younger for longer.
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她还说，人们应该考虑的不是变老，而是在更长时间里让自己更年轻。
译自 | 美国有线电视新闻网网站8月24日文章
作者 | 奥恩·麦圭尔（Eoghan Macguire）
翻译 | 李莎
编辑 | 冯翀
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