恋爱行为学

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text-indent: 30px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"与此相似，当一个人长时间被爱，其将会与其伙伴发展出依附的关系。一段时间后，激情消失，爱会由热爱转向友爱，或由浪漫之爱转向好感。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]},"imageUrls":["https://image63.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2013/08/1106/34411268_1.jpg"],"text":"百科名片  恋爱行为学恋爱行为学是研究两性从初识到相互吸引、关系升级过程中所发生的心理活动特征和行为规律的科学。 恋爱行为学（Love Behavior）研究两性从初识到相互吸引、关系升级过程过程中所发生的心理活动特征和行为规律的科学。从恋爱行为学的角度，这门学科是为了提供对男女两性行为的理解，因为 “恋爱行为学是一门试图影响两性关系和行为的学科”。目录观点基本问题研究原则研究意义宗教学中爱的阶段观点对两性行为的定义有不同的立论观点[1]，“恋爱程序论”把两性行为定义为一系列流程、阶段的升级过程。“恋爱情绪论” 认为两性行为是两性的体验过程，往往是一种情绪波动的感性行为——两性是在情绪中相处、在情绪中升高、在情境中确定关系。“刺激—反应论”认为两性行为是两性对刺激的反应, 从两性与刺激的关系中去研究两性行为。 “平衡协调论”认为两性行为是两性交换资源的行为,是双方博弈均衡的结果。[2]基本问题恋爱行为学的基本问题包括: 　1. 男女情感模式的不同2. 男女心理行为的不同3. 如何解释男女的不同行为(WHY)4. 如何影响异性的行为(HOW) [3]研究原则恋爱行为学的研究原则主要包括： 　1. 理论联系实际原则 　恋爱行为学虽然是一门源于对恋爱实践的观察和测量基础上的学科，但是它仍然需要在恋爱活动中加以检验，这样才能更好的指导学员的恋爱进程。 　2. 发展的原则 　一切事物都是变化发展的，唯一不变的就是变化本身，所以两性的心理及行为也不例外。这就要求在研究的过程中也要坚持发展性的原则，不断地把这门科学向前推进，以便更符合两性行为的变化。3. 全面性原则 　两性在恋爱过程中，会有各种各样的因素影响他们的爱情决定，如需求、动机、态度等，这些因素既是相互联系，也是相互制约的。所以，恋爱行为学的研究必须坚持全面性的原则。除了要了解恋爱行为学的研究原则，还应该了解一定的恋爱行为学的研究方法，熟悉这些，对于更好的了解异性以及采用更好的恋爱策略是非常有益的。[4]5. 模型法恋爱行为学之所以在今天新兴的恋爱理论中占据重要的一席，就是因为它是建立在一系列有影响力的模型分析的基础上的，而不是主观的猜测基础上。综合使用以上的方法，这样可以更科学、更准确的判断两性的心理变化。另外，随着社会的不断发展，两性行为的研究方法必将不断完善。[5]研究意义1、为男女双方在择偶时提供基础理论与筛选依据； 　2、男女双方科学恋爱的前提条件； 　3、为婚介、红娘、交友行业提供行业标准和培训模式；[6]宗教学中恋爱是一种与爱相关的，被他人强烈吸引的一种有表现力而快乐的情感。它是一种人与人之间的强烈倾慕。爱情关系通常意味着一种强烈而浪漫的感情，或一个人表达出与另一人密切相连的深刻而强烈的情感欲望。从历史上看，西方的“爱情”一词起源于中世纪的骑士理想中的浪漫文学。阴阳学中恋爱：命格里“子，午，卯，酉”是地支中代表“正南，正北，正东，正西”四个方向的，当“四象交会” 桃花会盛开，此时求感情最好，因此人们把爱情称作“桃花运”。如果求桃花运化解感情阻碍需用“赤鱬鳞，黄金，法体盐，靛蓝晶”制作石碑护身符。女士要带橘子石手链，男士要带红竹石饰品。在结印册按照生日上添加结印：农历3到5月出生添加“千与香穗，橘梗，叶影”3个结印。农历6到8月出生添加“九虹锦声，九叶铃莲，竹内古河”3个结印。农历9到11月出生添加“冰蝶，菊葵，石田佐吉”3个结印。农历12到2月出生添加“八重冰梅，竹雀，千叶藤”3个结印。饰品和石碑护身符与结印配合可以强化四象之气从而有幸福的感情。 在文学作品中，以及心理学家、哲学家、生物化学家和其他职业的专家的著作中，我们都可以找到关于爱情定义的争论。爱情是相对的，但是被普遍认同的是，爱情是在人际关系中对某个个人产生的一种特殊而极为重要的感情。在浪漫爱情的初始阶段，人们往往更重视情绪，尤其是爱，亲密，同情，赞赏，亲和等，而不是身体上的亲密。在一种爱情关系业已建立之后，可以通过一种盛大的仪式(婚姻等)完成对亲密关系的确认和释放。这是一种精神上的，然而后果自负的关系。在一些文化中，基于安排和习俗的包办婚姻和订婚可能会和爱情发生冲突。然而，包办婚姻中的伴侣间同样可能存在着强烈的爱情。生理学上爱是哺乳类动物的意欲表现，就如饥饿或口渴。心理学上爱是社交与文化的表现。其两者皆有可能是正确的，爱肯定是受到荷尔蒙（如催产素）与外激素影响而产生的表现，但同时人们对爱的想法与行为亦受到其对爱的信念影响生物学观点普遍认为爱有两种主要意欲，性魅力与依附。2006年2月，该期的国家地理杂志的封面文章《爱：化学反应》讨论了爱与化学反应的关系。其作者史雷特解释了部份关于此领域的研究，部份重点为：化学触发反应可以表示为热烈的爱，长期的依附的爱则要双方互相参与而非只是单人参与。沉醉在爱河时的血清素效应（serotonin effects）拥有与强迫观念-强迫行为症相似的化学表现（这解释了为何沉醉在爱河的人无法想到其他人）。因此亦有人主张若患有强迫观念-强迫行为症的精神病人服食血清素再回收抑制剂或其他抗抑郁药，其堕入爱河的能力会被阻碍。当刚开始时期的热爱消失后，便会转为长期依附的爱，这是因为催产素等化学物的影响。按摩与做爱可以帮助触发催产素的作用。友爱与热爱传统心理学的观点认为爱是由友爱与热爱组成。热爱是强烈的渴望，通常陪随着生理激起（呼吸急促、心跳加速，如堕入爱河）。友爱是由紧密的行为而引起的爱慕与感觉，但不陪随着生理激起（如君子之交）。[7]在1986年，心理学家史登堡在《心理评论》（Psychological Review （Vol. 93, No.2, 119-135））里发表了其著名的“爱情三角理论”，对爱作出几何学的假设。根据爱情三角理论，爱由三部份组成：“亲密”——包括了紧密感、联络感与约束感。“激情”——包括了驱使人恋爱、互相吸引与进行性行为的动力。“承诺”——包括了短期的爱恋与长期的爱的维系。爱的风格苏珊与克莱德根据李约翰的理论开发了爱的态度指标，称为爱的风格。其将人际关系分为六个基本类别：情欲之爱——基于对方的外表而产生的热爱。游戏之爱——爱就如游戏，充满乐趣，通常不重视承诺而着重征服对方。友谊之爱——缓慢发展的重情义的爱，基于双方互相尊重与友善。现实之爱——倾向选取可以帮助自己的朋友，使双方皆可由此得益。依附之爱——重情绪的爱，不稳定，是由浪漫之爱衰退而成，充满妒忌与争执。利他之爱——完全无私的爱，可不惜伤害自己或舍弃任何东西。重视神交。现代多半喜欢称呼这种爱为“真爱”。两位汉迪斯认为异性恋男人会渐渐趋向游戏之爱与依附之爱，反之异性恋女人则会渐渐趋向友谊之爱与现实之爱。而两者之间的关系若是具有相类的爱可维持得更为长久。爱的阶段费雪提议爱有三种主要的状态：情欲、吸引、依附。爱通常会由情欲状态开始，主要着重激情而忽略其他元素。此阶段最基本的推动力是基本性本能、如外表、气味与其他相似的因素是选取伙伴的主要因素。然而随着时间的流逝，其他元素可能会增多而激情则减少，但这却是每个人皆不同。在吸引阶段，人们会将注意力集中在其对对方的影响上，而此时忠诚最为重要。 与此相似，当一个人长时间被爱，其将会与其伙伴发展出依附的关系。一段时间后，激情消失，爱会由热爱转向友爱，或由浪漫之爱转向好感。"}