2017年07月21日 17:15:00
zhoudegui88 阅读数：1341
前段时间看了一下x264 码率控制部分，在这里简要分析一下x264的ABR模式相关代码，有不对的地方欢迎指正。
因为ABR模式在控制过程中会产生较大的码率波动，进而导致图像质量不稳定，同时在Http Adaptive Streaming中，也会导致视频segment大小不稳定，在接收端产生卡顿。所以ABR模式一般配合vbv使用，使用vbv buffer来限制码率的波动。
ABR模式的流程图如下:
ABR会在帧级、行级和宏块级去调整qscale(QP)。帧级和行级调整的目的主要有两个：1，总码率逼近目标码率；2，vbvbuffer不会overflow或者underflow，即码流大小稳定。宏块级的调整主要是Adaptive Quantization（AQ）和MB-tree，前者作用于空域，根据宏块的平滑程度调整qscale，后者作用于时域，根据宏块被后续帧参考的多少来决定其重要性，继而调整qscale。
和码率控制相关的函数可以参见
zhanghui_cuc x264源码分析与应用示例（二）——码率控制
http://blog.csdn.net/nonmarking/article/details/50737198qscale的初始化和调整过程主要在 rate_estimate_qscale( )函数中完成，我们先从这个函数开始看起。
rate_estimate_qscale( )
static float rate_estimate_qscale( x264_t *h )
{
float q;
x264_ratecontrol_t *rcc = h->rc;
ratecontrol_entry_t rce = {0};
int pict_type = h->sh.i_type;
int64_t total_bits = 8*(h->stat.i_frame_size[SLICE_TYPE_I] //total bits已编码比特数
+ h->stat.i_frame_size[SLICE_TYPE_P]
+ h->stat.i_frame_size[SLICE_TYPE_B])
- rcc->filler_bits_sum; //编码完成帧的filler data大小（不计入视频大小）
if( rcc->b_2pass )
{
rce = *rcc->rce;
if( pict_type != rce.pict_type )
{
x264_log( h, X264_LOG_ERROR, "slice=%c but 2pass stats say %c\n",
slice_type_to_char[pict_type], slice_type_to_char[rce.pict_type] );
}
}
if( pict_type == SLICE_TYPE_B )
{
/* B-frames don't have independent ratecontrol, but rather get the
* average QP of the two adjacent P-frames + an offset */
//B帧的QP由两个相邻的P帧的QP计算而来
int i0 = IS_X264_TYPE_I(h->fref_nearest[0]->i_type);
int i1 = IS_X264_TYPE_I(h->fref_nearest[1]->i_type);
int dt0 = abs(h->fenc->i_poc - h->fref_nearest[0]->i_poc);
int dt1 = abs(h->fenc->i_poc - h->fref_nearest[1]->i_poc);
float q0 = h->fref_nearest[0]->f_qp_avg_rc;
float q1 = h->fref_nearest[1]->f_qp_avg_rc;
if( h->fref_nearest[0]->i_type == X264_TYPE_BREF )
q0 -= rcc->pb_offset/2;
if( h->fref_nearest[1]->i_type == X264_TYPE_BREF )
q1 -= rcc->pb_offset/2;
if( i0 && i1 )
q = (q0 + q1) / 2 + rcc->ip_offset;
else if( i0 )
q = q1;
else if( i1 )
q = q0;
else
q = (q0*dt1 + q1*dt0) / (dt0 + dt1);
if( h->fenc->b_kept_as_ref )
q += rcc->pb_offset/2;
else
q += rcc->pb_offset;
rcc->qp_novbv = q;
q = qp2qscale( q );
if( rcc->b_2pass )
rcc->frame_size_planned = qscale2bits( &rce, q );
else
rcc->frame_size_planned = predict_size( rcc->pred_b_from_p, q, h->fref[1][h->i_ref[1]-1]->i_satd );
/* Limit planned size by MinCR */
if( rcc->b_vbv )
rcc->frame_size_planned = X264_MIN( rcc->frame_size_planned, rcc->frame_size_maximum );
h->rc->frame_size_estimated = rcc->frame_size_planned;
/* For row SATDs */
if( rcc->b_vbv )
rcc->last_satd = x264_rc_analyse_slice( h ); //根据mb-tree的结果重新计算frame SATD cost，计算每一行的SATD cost
return q;
}
else
{
double abr_buffer = 2 * rcc->rate_tolerance * rcc->bitrate;//abr缓存，用于控制实际码流大小和目标大小的差值
double predicted_bits = total_bits;
if( h->i_thread_frames > 1 ) //预测当前线程中的编码帧大小
{
int j = h->rc - h->thread[0]->rc;
for( int i = 1; i < h->i_thread_frames; i++ )
{
x264_t *t = h->thread[(j+i) % h->i_thread_frames];
double bits = t->rc->frame_size_planned;
if( !t->b_thread_active )
continue;
bits = X264_MAX(bits, t->rc->frame_size_estimated);
predicted_bits += bits; //已编码码流大小+线程中编码帧的大小
}
}
if( rcc->b_2pass ) //2pass部分暂时跳过
{
double lmin = rcc->lmin[pict_type];
double lmax = rcc->lmax[pict_type];
double diff;
/* Adjust ABR buffer based on distance to the end of the video. */
if( rcc->num_entries > h->i_frame )
{
double final_bits = rcc->entry_out[rcc->num_entries-1]->expected_bits;
double video_pos = rce.expected_bits / final_bits;
double scale_factor = sqrt( (1 - video_pos) * rcc->num_entries );
abr_buffer *= 0.5 * X264_MAX( scale_factor, 0.5 );
}
diff = predicted_bits - rce.expected_bits;
q = rce.new_qscale;
q /= x264_clip3f((abr_buffer - diff) / abr_buffer, .5, 2);
if( h->i_frame >= rcc->fps && rcc->expected_bits_sum >= 1 )
{
/* Adjust quant based on the difference between
* achieved and expected bitrate so far */
double cur_time = (double)h->i_frame / rcc->num_entries;
double w = x264_clip3f( cur_time*100, 0.0, 1.0 );
q *= pow( (double)total_bits / rcc->expected_bits_sum, w );
}
rcc->qp_novbv = qscale2qp( q );
if( rcc->b_vbv )
{
/* Do not overflow vbv */
double expected_size = qscale2bits( &rce, q );
double expected_vbv = rcc->buffer_fill + rcc->buffer_rate - expected_size;
double expected_fullness = rce.expected_vbv / rcc->buffer_size;
double qmax = q*(2 - expected_fullness);
double size_constraint = 1 + expected_fullness;
qmax = X264_MAX( qmax, rce.new_qscale );
if( expected_fullness < .05 )
qmax = lmax;
qmax = X264_MIN(qmax, lmax);
while( ((expected_vbv < rce.expected_vbv/size_constraint) && (q < qmax)) ||
((expected_vbv < 0) && (q < lmax)))
{
q *= 1.05;
expected_size = qscale2bits(&rce, q);
expected_vbv = rcc->buffer_fill + rcc->buffer_rate - expected_size;
}
rcc->last_satd = x264_rc_analyse_slice( h );
}
q = x264_clip3f( q, lmin, lmax );
}
else /* 1pass ABR */
{
/* Calculate the quantizer which would have produced the desired
* average bitrate if it had been applied to all frames so far.
* Then modulate that quant based on the current frame's complexity
* relative to the average complexity so far (using the 2pass RCEQ).
* Then bias the quant up or down if total size so far was far from
* the target.
* Result: Depending on the value of rate_tolerance, there is a
* tradeoff between quality and bitrate precision. But at large
* tolerances, the bit distribution approaches that of 2pass. */
double wanted_bits, overflow = 1;
rcc->last_satd = x264_rc_analyse_slice( h ); //根据mb-tree的结果重新计算frame SATD cost，计算每一行的SATD cost
rcc->short_term_cplxsum *= 0.5;
rcc->short_term_cplxcount *= 0.5;
rcc->short_term_cplxsum += rcc->last_satd / (CLIP_DURATION(h->fenc->f_duration) / BASE_FRAME_DURATION);
rcc->short_term_cplxcount ++;
rce.tex_bits = rcc->last_satd;
rce.blurred_complexity = rcc->short_term_cplxsum / rcc->short_term_cplxcount; //旧版x264所用的复杂度公式
rce.mv_bits = 0;
rce.p_count = rcc->nmb;
rce.i_count = 0;
rce.s_count = 0;
rce.qscale = 1;
rce.pict_type = pict_type;
rce.i_duration = h->fenc->i_duration;
if( h->param.rc.i_rc_method == X264_RC_CRF )
{
q = get_qscale( h, &rce, rcc->rate_factor_constant, h->fenc->i_frame );
}
else
{
q = get_qscale( h, &rce, rcc->wanted_bits_window / rcc->cplxr_sum, h->fenc->i_frame );//计算每一帧的qscale初值并根据rate_factor调整
/* ABR code can potentially be counterproductive in CBR, so just don't bother.
* Don't run it if the frame complexity is zero either. */
if( !rcc->b_vbv_min_rate && rcc->last_satd ) //不开启vbv时会增加一次调整
{
// FIXME is it simpler to keep track of wanted_bits in ratecontrol_end?
int i_frame_done = h->i_frame;
double time_done = i_frame_done / rcc->fps;
if( h->param.b_vfr_input && i_frame_done > 0 )
time_done = ((double)(h->fenc->i_reordered_pts - h->i_reordered_pts_delay)) * h->param.i_timebase_num / h->param.i_timebase_den;
wanted_bits = time_done * rcc->bitrate;
if( wanted_bits > 0 )
{
abr_buffer *= X264_MAX( 1, sqrt( time_done ) ); //abr_buffer:用来控制实际比特数跟目标比特数的差值
overflow = x264_clip3f( 1.0 + (predicted_bits - wanted_bits) / abr_buffer, .5, 2 );
q *= overflow; //根据差值调整qscale
}
}
}
if( pict_type == SLICE_TYPE_I && h->param.i_keyint_max > 1
/* should test _next_ pict type, but that isn't decided yet */
&& rcc->last_non_b_pict_type != SLICE_TYPE_I )
{
q = qp2qscale( rcc->accum_p_qp / rcc->accum_p_norm );
q /= fabs( h->param.rc.f_ip_factor );
}
else if( h->i_frame > 0 )
{
if( h->param.rc.i_rc_method != X264_RC_CRF )
{
/* Asymmetric clipping, because symmetric would prevent
* overflow control in areas of rapidly oscillating complexity */
double lmin = rcc->last_qscale_for[pict_type] / rcc->lstep;
double lmax = rcc->last_qscale_for[pict_type] * rcc->lstep;
if( overflow > 1.1 && h->i_frame > 3 )
lmax *= rcc->lstep;
else if( overflow < 0.9 )
lmin /= rcc->lstep;
q = x264_clip3f(q, lmin, lmax);
}
}
else if( h->param.rc.i_rc_method == X264_RC_CRF && rcc->qcompress != 1 )
{
q = qp2qscale( ABR_INIT_QP ) / fabs( h->param.rc.f_ip_factor );
}
rcc->qp_novbv = qscale2qp( q );
//FIXME use get_diff_limited_q() ?
q = clip_qscale( h, pict_type, q ); //根据vbv buffer的状态调整qscale
}
rcc->last_qscale_for[pict_type] =
rcc->last_qscale = q;
if( !(rcc->b_2pass && !rcc->b_vbv) && h->fenc->i_frame == 0 )
rcc->last_qscale_for[SLICE_TYPE_P] = q * fabs( h->param.rc.f_ip_factor );
if( rcc->b_2pass )
rcc->frame_size_planned = qscale2bits( &rce, q );
else
rcc->frame_size_planned = predict_size( &rcc->pred[h->sh.i_type], q, rcc->last_satd );
/* Always use up the whole VBV in this case. */
if( rcc->single_frame_vbv )
rcc->frame_size_planned = rcc->buffer_rate;
/* Limit planned size by MinCR */
if( rcc->b_vbv )
rcc->frame_size_planned = X264_MIN( rcc->frame_size_planned, rcc->frame_size_maximum );
h->rc->frame_size_estimated = rcc->frame_size_planned; //size-estimated在当前帧编码完后会更新成实际编码大小
return q;
}
}
可以看到，ABR模式下，qscale的初值由get_qscale函数计算得出，然后在不开启vbv的情况下，根据（predicted_bits- wanted_bits）来调整qscale；在开启vbv的情况下，使用clip_qscale( ),根据vbv buffer的状态来调整qscale.
get_qscale( )
get_qscale( )函数用于计算qscale的初值，在MB-tree默认开启的情况下，不再使用模糊复杂度公式计算qscale，而是会根据fps计算出一个固定值，然后通过rate_factor进行调整。
q /=rate_factor;
rate_factor的更新是在x264_ratecontrol_end( ),公式如下
rate_factor=rcc->wanted_bits_window / rcc->cplxr_sum;
rc->cplxr_sum+= bits * qp2qscale( rc->qpa_rc ) / rc->last_rceq;
rc->wanted_bits_window+= h->fenc->f_duration * rc->bitrate;
bits是每一帧的实际比特数，rc->qpa_rc是最后帧级和行级调整完后的qp, rc->last_rceq上面求出的qscale初值。rc->wanted_bits_window是当前目标比特数。
由以上公式可以看到，rate_factor由两个比值决定：
目标比特数/实际比特数，比值越大→rate_factor越大→qscale和QP越小。
上一帧调整前qscale/上一帧调整后qscale，这个比值一般处于（0,1），比值越小说明上一帧调整幅度越大→rate_factor越小→qscale和QP越大。
static double get_qscale(x264_t *h, ratecontrol_entry_t *rce, double rate_factor, int frame_num)
{
x264_ratecontrol_t *rcc= h->rc;
x264_zone_t *zone = get_zone( h, frame_num );
double q;
if( h->param.rc.b_mb_tree ) //在新版本x264中mb-tree默认开启，所以不使用传统的复杂度公式来计算qscale，而是通过fps计算出一个固定值
{
double timescale = (double)h->sps->vui.i_num_units_in_tick / h->sps->vui.i_time_scale;
q = pow( BASE_FRAME_DURATION / CLIP_DURATION(rce->i_duration * timescale), 1 - h->param.rc.f_qcompress ); //fps越大 底数越大
//BASE_FRAME_DURATION=0.04 即fps=25，rce->i_duration * timescale编码所用的1/fps
}
else
q = pow( rce->blurred_complexity, 1 - rcc->qcompress );
// avoid NaN's in the rc_eq
if( !isfinite(q) || rce->tex_bits + rce->mv_bits == 0 )
q = rcc->last_qscale_for[rce->pict_type];
else
{
rcc->last_rceq = q;
q /= rate_factor; //根据rate_factor调整qp初值
rcc->last_qscale = q;
}
if( zone )
{
if( zone->b_force_qp )
q = qp2qscale( zone->i_qp );
else
q /= zone->f_bitrate_factor;
}
return q;
}
clip_qscale( )
clip_qscale( )通过预测当前qscale下未来n帧的大小来估计vbv的状态，如果vbv buffer将overflow，则增大qscale；如果buffer将会underflow，则减小qscale。
static double clip_qscale( x264_t *h, int pict_type, double q )
{
x264_ratecontrol_t *rcc = h->rc;
double lmin = rcc->lmin[pict_type];
double lmax = rcc->lmax[pict_type];
if( rcc->rate_factor_max_increment )
lmax = X264_MIN( lmax, qp2qscale( rcc->qp_novbv + rcc->rate_factor_max_increment ) );
double q0 = q;
/* B-frames are not directly subject to VBV,
* since they are controlled by the P-frames' QPs. */
if( rcc->b_vbv && rcc->last_satd > 0 )
{
double fenc_cpb_duration = (double)h->fenc->i_cpb_duration *
h->sps->vui.i_num_units_in_tick / h->sps->vui.i_time_scale;
/* Lookahead VBV: raise the quantizer as necessary such that no frames in
* the lookahead overflow and such that the buffer is in a reasonable state
* by the end of the lookahead. */
if( h->param.rc.i_lookahead )
{
int terminate = 0;
/* Avoid an infinite loop. */
for( int iterations = 0; iterations < 1000 && terminate != 3; iterations++ )
{
double frame_q[3];
double cur_bits = predict_size( &rcc->pred[h->sh.i_type], q, rcc->last_satd );
double buffer_fill_cur = rcc->buffer_fill - cur_bits;
double target_fill;
double total_duration = 0;
double last_duration = fenc_cpb_duration;
frame_q[0] = h->sh.i_type == SLICE_TYPE_I ? q * h->param.rc.f_ip_factor : q;
frame_q[1] = frame_q[0] * h->param.rc.f_pb_factor;
frame_q[2] = frame_q[0] / h->param.rc.f_ip_factor;
/* Loop over the planned future frames. */
for( int j = 0; buffer_fill_cur >= 0 && buffer_fill_cur <= rcc->buffer_size; j++ ) //向前预测n帧大小，一般情况下等于lookahead的数量
{
total_duration += last_duration;
buffer_fill_cur += rcc->vbv_max_rate * last_duration;
int i_type = h->fenc->i_planned_type[j];
int i_satd = h->fenc->i_planned_satd[j];
if( i_type == X264_TYPE_AUTO ) //一直预测到类型为AUTO的帧
break;
i_type = IS_X264_TYPE_I( i_type ) ? SLICE_TYPE_I : IS_X264_TYPE_B( i_type ) ? SLICE_TYPE_B : SLICE_TYPE_P;
cur_bits = predict_size( &rcc->pred[i_type], frame_q[i_type], i_satd ); //使用线性模型预测未来帧大小
buffer_fill_cur -= cur_bits;
last_duration = h->fenc->f_planned_cpb_duration[j];
}
/* Try to get to get the buffer at least 50% filled, but don't set an impossible goal. */
target_fill = X264_MIN( rcc->buffer_fill + total_duration * rcc->vbv_max_rate * 0.5, rcc->buffer_size * 0.5 );
//buffer_fill_cur模拟客户端buffer状态，在输入和输出帧率一定的情况下，如果buffer占用率低，说明当前输出的帧码率过大，需要增大qscale
if( buffer_fill_cur < target_fill )
{
q *= 1.01;
terminate |= 1;
continue;
}
/* Try to get the buffer no more than 80% filled, but don't set an impossible goal. */
target_fill = x264_clip3f( rcc->buffer_fill - total_duration * rcc->vbv_max_rate * 0.5, rcc->buffer_size * 0.8, rcc->buffer_size );
if( rcc->b_vbv_min_rate && buffer_fill_cur > target_fill )
{
q /= 1.01;
terminate |= 2;
continue;
}
break;
}
}
/* Fallback to old purely-reactive algorithm: no lookahead. */
else
{
if( ( pict_type == SLICE_TYPE_P ||
( pict_type == SLICE_TYPE_I && rcc->last_non_b_pict_type == SLICE_TYPE_I ) ) &&
rcc->buffer_fill/rcc->buffer_size < 0.5 )
{
q /= x264_clip3f( 2.0*rcc->buffer_fill/rcc->buffer_size, 0.5, 1.0 );
}
/* Now a hard threshold to make sure the frame fits in VBV.
* This one is mostly for I-frames. */
double bits = predict_size( &rcc->pred[h->sh.i_type], q, rcc->last_satd );
/* For small VBVs, allow the frame to use up the entire VBV. */
double max_fill_factor = h->param.rc.i_vbv_buffer_size >= 5*h->param.rc.i_vbv_max_bitrate / rcc->fps ? 2 : 1;
/* For single-frame VBVs, request that the frame use up the entire VBV. */
double min_fill_factor = rcc->single_frame_vbv ? 1 : 2;
if( bits > rcc->buffer_fill/max_fill_factor )
{
double qf = x264_clip3f( rcc->buffer_fill/(max_fill_factor*bits), 0.2, 1.0 );
q /= qf;
bits *= qf;
}
if( bits < rcc->buffer_rate/min_fill_factor )
{
double qf = x264_clip3f( bits*min_fill_factor/rcc->buffer_rate, 0.001, 1.0 );
q *= qf;
}
q = X264_MAX( q0, q );
}
/* Check B-frame complexity, and use up any bits that would
* overflow before the next P-frame. */
if( h->sh.i_type == SLICE_TYPE_P && !rcc->single_frame_vbv )
{
int nb = rcc->bframes;
double bits = predict_size( &rcc->pred[h->sh.i_type], q, rcc->last_satd );
double pbbits = bits;
double bbits = predict_size( rcc->pred_b_from_p, q * h->param.rc.f_pb_factor, rcc->last_satd );
double space;
double bframe_cpb_duration = 0;
double minigop_cpb_duration;
for( int i = 0; i < nb; i++ )
bframe_cpb_duration += h->fenc->f_planned_cpb_duration[i];
if( bbits * nb > bframe_cpb_duration * rcc->vbv_max_rate )
nb = 0;
pbbits += nb * bbits;
minigop_cpb_duration = bframe_cpb_duration + fenc_cpb_duration;
space = rcc->buffer_fill + minigop_cpb_duration*rcc->vbv_max_rate - rcc->buffer_size;
if( pbbits < space )
{
q *= X264_MAX( pbbits / space, bits / (0.5 * rcc->buffer_size) );
}
q = X264_MAX( q0/2, q );
}
/* Apply MinCR and buffer fill restrictions */
double bits = predict_size( &rcc->pred[h->sh.i_type], q, rcc->last_satd );
double frame_size_maximum = X264_MIN( rcc->frame_size_maximum, X264_MAX( rcc->buffer_fill, 0.001 ) );
if( bits > frame_size_maximum )
q *= bits / frame_size_maximum;
if( !rcc->b_vbv_min_rate )
q = X264_MAX( q0, q );
}
if( lmin==lmax )
return lmin;
else if( rcc->b_2pass )
{
double min2 = log( lmin );
double max2 = log( lmax );
q = (log(q) - min2)/(max2-min2) - 0.5;
q = 1.0/(1.0 + exp( -4*q ));
q = q*(max2-min2) + min2;
return exp( q );
}
else
return x264_clip3f( q, lmin, lmax );
}
在帧级调整完QP后，编码每个MB时，Adaptive Quantization和MB-tree会使用qp_offset对QP进行调整，这一步由函数x264_ratecontrol_mb_qp()实现。
AQ产生的qp_offset在函数x264_adaptive_quant_frame( )中，根据宏块的AC系数来调整qp_offset，相比于DC系数是图像的低频成分，反映了像素值的平均大小，AC系数是图像的高频成分，反映了图像的复杂程度。如果AC系数越低，则认为该宏块越平滑，其QP越小，如果AC系数越大，该宏块越复杂，则增大其QP。
MB-tree产生的offset在x264_macroblock_tree_finish( )中，如果一个宏块被后面的帧参考越多，则认为其重要性越高，则减小该宏块的QP，给该宏块分配更多码率，反之增大QP，MB-tree相关算法具体参见
http://blog.csdn.net/zhoudegui88/article/details/73017216每编码完一行后，会利用预测模型对当前帧大小进行预测，然后根据VBV buffer fill 对QP进行微调。这一步是在x264_ratecontrol_mb()中进行。
x264_ratecontrol_mb( )
int x264_ratecontrol_mb( x264_t *h, int bits )
{
x264_ratecontrol_t *rc = h->rc;
const int y = h->mb.i_mb_y; //行数
h->fdec->i_row_bits[y] += bits;
rc->qpa_aq += h->mb.i_qp; //qpa_ap 自适应量化后的qp均值，即加上qpoffset后的qp值
if( h->mb.i_mb_x != h->mb.i_mb_width - 1 ) //没到行尾，返回
return 0;
x264_emms();
rc->qpa_rc += rc->qpm * h->mb.i_mb_width; //qpm estimal_qsale的结果 自适应量化前的qp均值
if( !rc->b_vbv )
return 0;
float qscale = qp2qscale( rc->qpm );
h->fdec->f_row_qp[y] = rc->qpm;
h->fdec->f_row_qscale[y] = qscale;
update_predictor( &rc->row_pred[0], qscale, h->fdec->i_row_satd[y], h->fdec->i_row_bits[y] ); //模型系数的更新
if( h->sh.i_type != SLICE_TYPE_I && rc->qpm < h->fref[0][0]->f_row_qp[y] )
update_predictor( &rc->row_pred[1], qscale, h->fdec->i_row_satds[0][0][y], h->fdec->i_row_bits[y] );
/* update ratecontrol per-mbpair in MBAFF */
if( SLICE_MBAFF && !(y&1) )
return 0;
/* FIXME: We don't currently support the case where there's a slice
* boundary in between. */
int can_reencode_row = h->sh.i_first_mb <= ((h->mb.i_mb_y - SLICE_MBAFF) * h->mb.i_mb_stride);
/* tweak quality based on difference from predicted size */
float prev_row_qp = h->fdec->f_row_qp[y];
float qp_absolute_max = h->param.rc.i_qp_max;
if( rc->rate_factor_max_increment )
qp_absolute_max = X264_MIN( qp_absolute_max, rc->qp_novbv + rc->rate_factor_max_increment );
float qp_max = X264_MIN( prev_row_qp + h->param.rc.i_qp_step, qp_absolute_max );
float qp_min = X264_MAX( prev_row_qp - h->param.rc.i_qp_step, h->param.rc.i_qp_min );
float step_size = 0.5f;
float slice_size_planned = h->param.b_sliced_threads ? rc->slice_size_planned : rc->frame_size_planned;
float bits_so_far = row_bits_so_far( h, y );
float max_frame_error = x264_clip3f( 1.0 / h->mb.i_mb_height, 0.05, 0.25 );
float max_frame_size = rc->frame_size_maximum - rc->frame_size_maximum * max_frame_error;
max_frame_size = X264_MIN( max_frame_size, rc->buffer_fill - rc->buffer_rate * max_frame_error );
float size_of_other_slices = 0;
if( h->param.b_sliced_threads )
{
float size_of_other_slices_planned = 0;
for( int i = 0; i < h->param.i_threads; i++ )
if( h != h->thread[i] )
{
size_of_other_slices += h->thread[i]->rc->frame_size_estimated;
size_of_other_slices_planned += h->thread[i]->rc->slice_size_planned;
}
float weight = rc->slice_size_planned / rc->frame_size_planned;
size_of_other_slices = (size_of_other_slices - size_of_other_slices_planned) * weight + size_of_other_slices_planned;
}
if( y < h->i_threadslice_end-1 ) //如果不是当前帧的最后一行
{
/* B-frames shouldn't use lower QP than their reference frames. */
if( h->sh.i_type == SLICE_TYPE_B )
{
qp_min = X264_MAX( qp_min, X264_MAX( h->fref[0][0]->f_row_qp[y+1], h->fref[1][0]->f_row_qp[y+1] ) );
rc->qpm = X264_MAX( rc->qpm, qp_min );
}
float buffer_left_planned = rc->buffer_fill - rc->frame_size_planned;
buffer_left_planned = X264_MAX( buffer_left_planned, 0.f );
/* More threads means we have to be more cautious in letting ratecontrol use up extra bits. */
float rc_tol = buffer_left_planned / h->param.i_threads * rc->rate_tolerance;
float b1 = bits_so_far + predict_row_size_to_end( h, y, rc->qpm ) + size_of_other_slices;
float trust_coeff = x264_clip3f( bits_so_far / slice_size_planned, 0.0, 1.0 );
/* Don't increase the row QPs until a sufficent amount of the bits of the frame have been processed, in case a flat */
/* area at the top of the frame was measured inaccurately. */
if( trust_coeff < 0.05f )
qp_max = qp_absolute_max = prev_row_qp;
if( h->sh.i_type != SLICE_TYPE_I )
rc_tol *= 0.5f;
if( !rc->b_vbv_min_rate )
qp_min = X264_MAX( qp_min, rc->qp_novbv );
while( rc->qpm < qp_max //根据与预测值的差距还有VBV buffer的状态调整qpm
&& ((b1 > rc->frame_size_planned + rc_tol) ||
(b1 > rc->frame_size_planned && rc->qpm < rc->qp_novbv) ||
(b1 > rc->buffer_fill - buffer_left_planned * 0.5f)) ) //预测大小超出 增大qpm
{
rc->qpm += step_size;
b1 = bits_so_far + predict_row_size_to_end( h, y, rc->qpm ) + size_of_other_slices;
}
float b_max = b1 + ((rc->buffer_fill - rc->buffer_size + rc7->buffer_rate) * 0.90f - b1) * trust_coeff;
rc->qpm -= step_size;
float b2 = bits_so_far + predict_row_size_to_end( h, y, rc->qpm ) + size_of_other_slices;
while( rc->qpm > qp_min && rc->qpm < prev_row_qp
&& (rc->qpm > h->fdec->f_row_qp[0] || rc->single_frame_vbv)
&& (b2 < max_frame_size)
&& ((b2 < rc->frame_size_planned * 0.8f) || (b2 < b_max)) )
{
b1 = b2;
rc->qpm -= step_size;
b2 = bits_so_far + predict_row_size_to_end( h, y, rc->qpm ) + size_of_other_slices;
}
rc->qpm += step_size;
/* avoid VBV underflow or MinCR violation */
while( rc->qpm < qp_absolute_max && (b1 > max_frame_size) )
{
rc->qpm += step_size;
b1 = bits_so_far + predict_row_size_to_end( h, y, rc->qpm ) + size_of_other_slices;
}
h->rc->frame_size_estimated = b1 - size_of_other_slices;
//
/* If the current row was large enough to cause a large QP jump, try re-encoding it. */
if( rc->qpm > qp_max && prev_row_qp < qp_max && can_reencode_row ) //如果调整后QP超出范围，重编当前行
{
/* Bump QP to halfway in between... close enough. */
rc->qpm = x264_clip3f( (prev_row_qp + rc->qpm)*0.5f, prev_row_qp + 1.0f, qp_max );
rc->qpa_rc = rc->qpa_rc_prev;
rc->qpa_aq = rc->qpa_aq_prev;
h->fdec->i_row_bits[y] = 0;
h->fdec->i_row_bits[y-SLICE_MBAFF] = 0;
return -1;
}
}
else
{
h->rc->frame_size_estimated = bits_so_far; //用来参与更新下一帧的vbv plan
/* Last-ditch attempt: if the last row of the frame underflowed the VBV,
* try again. */
if( rc->qpm < qp_max && can_reencode_row //如果overflow，重编最后一行
&& (h->rc->frame_size_estimated + size_of_other_slices > X264_MIN( rc->frame_size_maximum, rc->buffer_fill )) )
{
rc->qpm = qp_max;
rc->qpa_rc = rc->qpa_rc_prev;
rc->qpa_aq = rc->qpa_aq_prev;
h->fdec->i_row_bits[y] = 0;
h->fdec->i_row_bits[y-SLICE_MBAFF] = 0;
return -1;
}
}
rc->qpa_rc_prev = rc->qpa_rc;
rc->qpa_aq_prev = rc->qpa_aq;
return 0;
}
编完一帧后，会在x264_ratecontrol_end()计算该帧的一些数据 如各种宏块类型的数量、平均QP、写入stat file(2 pass)，更新VBV buffer状态和上面提到的rate factor。
参考内容：
UnderstandingRate Control Modes (x264, x265)
http://slhck.info/video/2017/03/01/rate-control.htmlx264源码分析与应用示例（二）——码率控制
http://blog.csdn.net/nonmarking/article/details/50737198x264 自适应量化模式 (AQ Adaptive Quantization) 初探
http://blog.csdn.net/ljb_wh/article/details/15815063X264码率控制总结2——x264码率控制方法概述
http://blog.csdn.net/chenchong_219/article/details/43941641
