陆小曼 花神图
全文约 1900字（词） 阅读时间5-8分钟
花朝节俗称花神节、百花生日、花神生日、挑菜节，由于各个地方的花期都不一样，所以节期也不是特定的时间，但一般是在农历二月初二、二月十二或者二月十五、二月二十五的时候举行活动。
The Flower Festival is commonly known as the Flower Goddess Festival, the Birthday of A Hundred Flowers, the Birthday of the Flower Goddess, and the Festival of Vegetables Picking.
Since the blossoming period varies from place to place, the festival is not held on a specific date, but the event is usually held on the second, the twelfth, the fifteenth or the twenty-fifth day of the second lunar month.
由来和历史
Origin and History
十二花神图
其实花朝节由来已久。最早在春秋的《陶朱公书》中已有记载。至于“花神”，相传是指北魏夫人的女弟子女夷，传说她善于种花养花，被后人尊为“花神”，并把花朝节附会成她的节日。
In fact, the Flower Festival has been around for a really long time. It was first recorded in the Book of Tao Zhu Gong in the Spring and Autumn period. As for the "Goddess of Flowers", it is said that she was a female disciple of the Lady of Northern Wei Dynasty, who was good at planting and raising flowers, and was revered by later generations as the "Goddess of Flowers". Since that the Flower Festival was attached to her as a festival.
唐玄宗、杨贵妃赏花图
早在唐朝时期，就是全国的重要节日。一到二月二十五，百花齐放，皇亲国戚，官宦权贵，都在庆祝此节。而嗜花成癖的武则天在自己执政期间(公元690-705年)，每到花朝节这一天，总要令宫女采集百花，和米一起捣碎，蒸制成花糕赏赐给群臣。
As early as the Tang Dynasty, it was an important national festival. When it came to February 25, a hundred flowers bloomed, the royal relatives, officials and dignitaries celebrated this festival. During her reign (690-705 AD), Wu Zetian, who was fond of flowers, always ordered her palace maids to collect hundreds of flowers, pound them together with rice and steam them into flower cakes. The Empress loved awarding those flower cakes to her ministers.
清 苏六朋 簪花图
宋朝时期在人文艺术达到了另一种顶峰，花朝节文化更加地丰富多彩。如果说唐之前的花朝节，多是达官贵人和文人墨客的游园集会。那么自宋开始，花朝节便开始融入百姓生活，气氛更加地气——祈福祭神，挑菜扑蝶，好不热闹。
During the Song dynasty, the flower festival culture was even more colorful as it reached another peak in humanities and arts. If we say that the flower festival before the Tang Dynasty was mostly a garden gathering for the dignitaries and literati, ever since the Song Dynasty, the festival had been integrated into people's lives. The atmosphere was more lively, people celebrated the festival by praying to the gods, picking vegetables and chasing butterflies.
花车图
到清代，一般北方以二月十五为花朝，而南方则以二月十二为百花生日。我国南北气候条件不同，南方比北方提早几天为节日是合理的。
By the Qing Dynasty, generally the north reckoned February 15 in lunar calendar as the Flower Festival, while the South often celebrated the birthday of a hundred flowers on the twelfth. The climatic conditions in the north and south of China were different, so it was reasonable that the south is a few days earlier than the north for the festival.
习俗
Cutoms
赏花
Enjoying flowers
幽人雅士，赋诗唱和，并出郊外各名园赏花；有的花农植花、栽花、插花、载盆景，花市各色的花品待人前来购买。
The literati made poems about flowers, and visited the renowned gardens in the suburban areas. Some flower farmers grew flowers, planted flowers, arranged flowers in vases and pot flowers in bonsai. The flower markets provided flower products of various colors and types.
阎道生 杨妃赏花图
祝神庙会
Temple Fair of God Worshipping
在二月初二花神生辰这一日在许多地方，农人都要聚集于花神庙内设供，以祝神禧。夜里，还要提举各种形状的“花神灯”，在花神庙附近巡游，以延伸娱神活动。
On the second day of the second lunar month, which was also the birthday of the Flower Goddess, the farmers gathered at the temple of the Flower Goddess to set up offerings, wishing for good luck. At night, they also lifted "flower goddess lanterns" of different shapes and had a parade around the flower goddess temple to extend the activities.
梅花 启功
游春扑蝶
Spring tour and butterfly chasing
古时，每逢花朝，文人雅士邀三五知己，赏花之余，饮酒作乐，互相唱和，高吟竟日。宋时开封一带的花朝曾流行“扑蝶会”，是当时民间颇有趣味的游艺活动。
In ancient times, during the Flower Festival, the literati invited several friends of them to admire the flowers, drink alcohol, sing along with each other, and chant all day long for fun. In Song Dynasty, the Flower Festival in Kaifeng was famous for "butterfly chasing", which was a fun folk activity at that time.
扑蝶图
种花挑菜
Flowers planting and vegetables picking
这一天，各地还有栽花种树的习俗；挑菜，就是挖野菜。在这个时期白蒿、荠菜正是鲜嫩的时候。
On this day, there was also the custom of planting flowers and trees; picking vegetables, that is, picking wild vegetables. Artemisia and shepherd's purse are just right at the period of time.
菊花 张大千
戴花
Flowers wearing
这里的戴花一方面是头戴真花。如果看过新版《水浒传》的话大家应该比较熟悉，宋代不分男女都会簪花，他们往往选择将最风靡的花戴于头上。同时女子也会剪彩帛为花戴在头上或者赠与朋友。
On the one hand, wearing flowers meant to wear the real flowers on the head. If you have ever watched the new version of Water Margin (TV series), you should be familiar with the fact that in the Song Dynasty, both men and women fancied wearing flowers. They often chose to wear the most popular flowers at that time. At the same time, women would also cut colorful silk into flowers and wear on their heads or give them to friends.
四相簪花图
饮食
Food
前文讲到武则天会在花朝节这一天令宫女采集百花制花糕。另外唐太宗在花朝节这天曾亲自于御花园中主持过“挑菜御宴”，也就是"吃花"了。花朝节还有一个特别的饮食就是春菜粥:粥里放雪菜（或加毛豆），小辣椒。
As it is mentioned at the beginning of this article, Wu Zetian would have her palace maids collect hundreds of flowers to make flower cakes on the day of the Flower Festival. In addition, Emperor Taizong of Tang personally hosted a banquet in the imperial garden on the day of the Flower Festival. Another special food on this day was the porridge of spring vegetables, which was filled with pickled cabbage (or beans) and small chilli peppers.
花糕
参考：
探秘志
国学
百度百科
https://www.sohu.com/a/488421416_121119346
https://www.sohu.com/a/340250936_100020308
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