短短一句话,却涉及语法知识、翻译思维等很多细节知识,有不同的组句思路,句式表达,学翻译就需要这样斟词酌句,才能让自己的译文译笔生花,体现语言的灵活多变!翻译也有套路,套路就是多背短语,多看句型,多学如何断句!高斋翻译CATTI和MTI
先看这个句子:
内需是中国经济发展的基本动力,也是满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的必然要求。
先看选词:
1.内需:domestic demand,即内部需求。一般把对外国的出口看作外需,内需就是相对的国内的需求,是external demand/demand abroad,前者是专业名词,后者也可以说,但是如果是专业名词的话,还是使用external demand;比如金融时报:
例:考虑到外需疲软,英国出口商亟需一切能够获得的帮助。With demand abroad weak, UK exporters will need all the help they can get.
2.经济发展:economic development/growth(其实在外刊里面最多用的是growth,强调的是经济增长,而development更强调的是整体的全面发展)
3.是......的基本动力:the fundamental/basic driving force/driver for/behind...;
这个句型中用不定冠词the或a都可以,用the就是特指,用a说明只是其中一种\一个\一项,就看你是强调特指还是只是其中一个。注意fundamental/basic这两个词也无比较级。
不过prerequisite、requirement、principle一般搭配的是a,表示其中一个前提/要求/一项原则。CATTI三级笔译真题汉译英里也讲过:
1)“健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。
Good health is a prerequisite for all-round development of a person.
2)Good self-esteem is a prerequisite for a happy life.
良好的自尊是幸福生活的前提。
4.满足需求:meet the need for.满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要。meet the people's ever-growing need for a better life. 因为better life是可数名词,所以前面加不定冠词a. the people不要丢了the,因为这里特指中国人民。
再选句式:
1. “是……,也是……”的翻译断句思维:如果这两句话是指同一事物(同一主语)的同等地位的并列,而且合一起不太长时,一般可将两句话合并翻译。
原文初步可翻译为:Domestic demand is the fundamental driving force for China's economic development and an essential requirement for...,
但考虑到这样连起来并列成分不太明确,不容易辨别an essential requirement for...是和China's economic development 并列还是和前面的并列。
我们之前讲过大并列用,and,所以再可翻译为:
Domestic demand is the fundamental driving force for China's economic development, and an essential requirement for...
但是这样结构也还是不好,所以考虑到后半句和主语相隔较远,我们更习惯补充主语和系动词it is,
这样可以最终敲定翻译为Domestic demand is the fundamental driving force for China's economic development, and it is an essential requirement for...;
2. 是……的必然要求:可以用不同的句型:
1)sth be an essential requirement/ a prerequisite/requisite/precondition for (doing) sth,
这个句型里的冠词用不定冠词a/an,因为是其中一个条件,所以译文1:
满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的必然要求。
it is an essential requirement for meeting the people's ever-growing need for a better life.
2)sth be vital/essential to doing sth,这里的to是介词,所以译文2:
满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的必然要求。
it is vital/essential to meeting the people's ever-growing need for a better life.
3)it is an essential requirement for sb to do sth..所以译文3:
满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的必然要求
it is an essential requirement for us to meet the people's ever-growing need for a better life.
注意:但是一定要注意,如果在译文1里,直接for 后面加doing sth,如果是译文3,一定要加for sb,后面才是不定式,也就是说要不是it is an essential requirement for meeting the people's ever-growing need for a better life,要不是it is an essential requirement for us to meet the people's ever-growing need for a better life,一定不能直接说it is an essential requirement to meet the people's ever-growing need for a better life;
最后翻译:演讲致辞里面有很多例句,但是这里不方便发,全年班课件里面有。
内需是中国经济发展的基本动力,也是满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的必然要求。
译文1:Domestic demand is the fundamental driving force for China's economic development, and it is an essential requirement for meeting the people's ever-growing need for a better life.
译文2:Domestic demand is the fundamental driving force for China's economic development, and it is vital/essential to meeting the people's ever-growing need for a better life.
译文3:Domestic demand is the fundamental driving force for China's economic development, and it is an essential requirement for us to meet the people's ever-growing need for a better life.
联系客服