单位:北京大学第三医院呼吸与危重症医学科
下图C,压力和流速时间曲线看起来都很完美,但通过膈肌电活动曲线可知患者无自主呼吸驱动,所有通气均为自动触发/误触发,此时单纯通过压力和流速时间曲线判定难度较大,整体准确率为8%(专家10%,非专家5%)。
二、食道压
多项研究发现,食道压力监测可以更好地识别人机对抗。监测食道压时,医务人员可以通过食道压变化实时监测患者的每一次吸气,更有利于了解人机交互情况。
食道压监测可以准确识别无效触发及延迟触发,如下图所示,①②处可见气道压力和流速存在波动(提示患者吸气可能,但未达到触发灵敏度,无法触发送气),③处可见食道内压力下降(提示患者吸气),①②③综合判断可知患者存在吸气动作,但未达到预设的触发灵敏度,无法触发送气,故存在无效触发。④处为食道内压开始下降(提示吸气开始),直至⑤处呼吸机开始送气(提示触发呼吸机送气),④与⑤之间存在时间间隔,即患者吸气开始直至触发呼吸机送气存在延迟,故可判定为延迟触发,此类触发单独根据压力及流速时间曲线进行判定较为困难。
膈肌电活动可准确识别反向触发,如下图所示,图中所有通气送气初期均无膈肌电活动(提示为控制通气),黑色虚线为膈肌电活动开始时间(即吸气开始时间),换句言之,所有通气均为控制通气,控制通气送气过程中“触发”了患者自主吸气,可判定为反向触发。
根据上述所讲自测一下,分析一下下图中各种人机不同步的类型吧。
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