在显微镜下进行腰椎间盘摘除术，切口更小，视野被放大后更清晰，更容易止血，引起神经根、硬脊膜损伤的机率也得以降低。
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Lumbar Microdiscectomy Surgery
显微腰椎间盘摘除术
A lumbar microdiscectomy surgery is performed to remove the portion of a herniated disc that is irritating or inflaming the nerve root.
显微腰椎间盘摘除术用于摘除刺激或引起神经根炎症的部分突出的腰椎间盘。
A microdiscectomy is performed through a small incision in the midline of the low back.
显微椎间盘摘除术通过在腰部的后正中作一小切口进行。
First, the back muscles, called erector spinae, are lifted off the bony arch, called the lamina, of the spine. Since these back muscles run vertically, they can be moved out of the way rather than cut.
首先，将称为竖脊肌的背部肌肉，从称为椎板的骨性拱顶上剥离。因背部肌肉垂直分布，所以不用切开就能够牵开。
The surgeon is then able to enter the spine by removing a membrane over the nerve roots. This membrane is called the ligamentum flavum.
然后，术者通过去除神经根表面的黄韧带进入椎管。
Often, a small portion of the inside facet joint is removed both to facilitate access to the nerve root and to relieve pressure over the nerve.
通常，去除一小部分关节突关节的内缘，便于到达神经根并解除神经上的压迫。
The nerve root is then gently moved to the side and the disc material is removed from under the nerve root. Only the herniated portion of the disc is removed; the healthy portion of the disc is left intact.
然后轻柔地将神经根牵开，去除神经根下方的椎间盘组织。只去除疝出部分的椎间盘，正常部分的椎间盘仍旧保留。
After the piece of the disc that is irritating or inflaming the nerve root has been removed, the pressure is off the nerve immediately and it has room to heal.
当刺激或引起神经根炎症的那块椎间盘被去除后，神经的压迫即刻解除，有了足够的空间以便愈合。
A herniated disc pressing on a nerve root can cause severe leg pain. While it may take weeks or months for the nerve root to fully heal and any numbness or weakness to get better, patients normally feel relief from the leg pain almost immediately after a microdiscectomy.
压迫在神经根上的疝出椎间盘可引起严重的腿痛。显微椎间盘切除术后，病人往往即刻感到疼痛缓解，但神经根完全愈合，麻木和无力好转，需要数周到数月的时间。
（高晨珉 转）
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