脊椎病就是脊椎的骨质、椎间盘、韧带、肌肉发生病变，进而压迫、刺激脊髓、脊神经、血管、植物神经从而出现复杂多样的症状。常见病种为颈椎病、腰椎病。这里以腰椎为例进行动画演示。
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Spondylosis
脊椎病
Spondylosis is an umbrella term used to describe pain from degenerative conditions of the spine.
脊椎病是涵盖性术语，用于描述脊柱退变性疾病引起的疼痛。
Most spondylosis symptoms result from spinal osteoarthritis, but there may be other causes as well.
引起脊椎病症状的主要原因是脊柱骨关节炎，但其它原因也会引起脊椎病。
Spinal osteoarthritis primarily affects the facet joints, which are paired joints on the back of each vertebral level.
脊柱骨关节炎首先侵犯关节突关节，那是每个椎节水平后方成对的关节。
As facet joint cartilage breaks down, bones in the joint grind against one another, causing friction and loss of mobility. This friction can lead to the development of osteophytes, or bone spurs, which can cause pain if they impinge upon surrounding spinal nerves, muscles, or ligaments.
当关节突关节的软骨破坏后，关节的骨头相互之间研磨，发生摩擦，失去灵活性。摩擦会导致骨赘（或骨刺）的产生，如果与周围的脊神经、肌肉或韧带撞击会产生疼痛。
Facet joint problems can lead to spondylolisthesis in the lower back, in which a vertebra slides forward over the one beneath.
关节突关节的病变会导致腰椎滑脱，即一个椎体在另一个椎体上面向前滑移。
This slippage can result in nerve root compression of the sciatic nerve, and pain down the back and into the buttocks and leg, often called sciatica.
这种滑移会导致神经根受压，疼痛从腰部向下放射到臀部和腿上，即通常所说的坐骨神经痛。
Spondylosis may also describe pain caused by spinal stenosis, in which a spinal nerve root becomes compressed as it passes through the foramina, an opening in the side of each vertebra.
脊椎病也用于描述由椎管狭窄引起的疼痛，此时，脊神经根在经过椎间孔时受到压迫。椎间孔是每个椎体两侧的开口。
This nerve compression can be caused by a bone spur that encroaches upon the foraminal area.
当骨刺侵占椎间孔区域时也会导致这种神经压迫。
Spondylosis may also refer to degenerative changes in the disc called degenerative disc disease, in which spinal discs begin to thin, lose moisture, and break down.
脊椎病还可以指椎间盘的退行性改变，这被称为退变性椎间盘疾病。这时，椎间盘变薄、失去水分，并破裂。
Pain from degenerative disc disease can originate in the disc itself, or come from changes in the biomechanics of the spine.
退变性椎间盘疾病导致的疼痛可源于椎间盘本身，或由脊柱生物力学的改变而产生。
It is important to understand that spondylosis is not a medical diagnosis; it is a term that describes symptoms related to degenerative changes in the spine.
重要的是要知道脊椎病并不是医学诊断，它是个术语，用于描述与脊柱退行性改变相关的症状。
（高晨珉 转）
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