上官云珠
（1920—1968）
江苏江阴人，原名韦均荦，又名韦亚君，电影表演艺术家。1938 年到上海，最初在何氏照相馆当开票员。1940 年考取华光戏剧学校，首次在洪深的独幕剧《米》中登台亮相。不久，进入新华影业公司演员训练班。1941 年，以处女作《玫瑰飘零》登上银幕。在主演新片《王老虎抢亲》时，导演卜万苍专门为其取了“上官云珠”的艺名。中华人民共和国成立后，任上海电影制片厂演员。主演电影《天堂春梦》《一江春水向东流》《万家灯火》《丽人行》《希望在人间》《乌鸦与麻雀》《香飘万里》《南岛风云》《枯木逢春》《早春二月》《舞台姐妹》等。因其在《乌鸦与麻雀》中的出色表演，1957 年在文化部 1949—1955 年优秀影片评奖中获个人一等奖。1962 年，入选新中国二十二大电影明星。1995 年获中国电影世纪奖。
脱胎换骨的“转型”
一没背景、二没靠山的上官云珠，靠着自身的努力，走上了电影演艺之路。抗战胜利后，上官云珠在《天堂春梦》中塑造了一个奢侈、凶狠的腐化女人，在《太太万岁》中又塑造了一个放荡的女子。1947 年进入昆仑影业公司，这是她在人生和艺术道路上的一个转折点。她在影片《一江春水向东流》中饰演了满身珠光宝气的“汉奸夫人”何文艳；在《万家灯火》中饰演了传统型的贤淑主妇又兰；在《希望在人间》中饰演了坚定沉着的教授夫人、妇科医生陶静寰；在《乌鸦与麻雀》中饰演了忍辱负重的华太太。其出色的表演，受到舆论界的高度赞扬和广大观众的热烈欢迎。
中华人民共和国成立时，上官云珠才 30 岁，正是大有作为的年纪。可能是过去饰演的角色关系，有人认为她的相貌、戏路、气质，很不适合演“工农兵”形象。上官云珠不服气，她努力改变戏路，进行脱胎换骨的“转型”。一时没戏演，她就另辟蹊径，为灾区筹款义演，为劳军义演，一连演出了 131 场，直到因过度劳累患急性肺炎昏倒在舞台上。
上官云珠出演电影《一江春水向东流》
SHANGGUAN Yunzhu performed in the film A Spring River Flows East.
1955 年，上海电影制片厂准备开拍《南岛风云》。在即将开机之时，女主角护士长符若华的人选迟迟没有敲定。与上官云珠感情深厚的黄宗英想起了三年来一直坐“冷板凳”的上官云珠，便极力向导演白沉推荐。可让上官云珠这样的演员去扮演英姿飒爽、老练果敢的护长，在一些人的眼里简直是不可思议。好在白沉导演力排众议，坚决起用了上官云珠。
上官云珠不负众望，一改在银幕上似乎早已定型了的“交际花”“阔太太”形象，把一个历经千难万险保护后方伤员的女主人公演绎得令人难忘。她的精湛演技让那些一向带有偏见的人也不得不折服。
此后，她参加了一系列影片的拍摄，其中以《枯木逢春》中的冬哥妈、《早春二月》中的寡妇文嫂、《舞台姐妹》中的商水花最负盛名，给观众留下了深刻的印象。而《今天我休息》中的儿科大夫，戏虽不多，却依然光彩照人。
复兴西路147号
上官云珠旧居位于复兴西路 147 号，为三层公寓住宅，建于 1933 年，占地面积 1260 平方米。建筑为西班牙风格，立面富有变化，室外楼梯到达二层。红瓦多坡顶，烟囱突出于屋面，檐下有齿形饰带。门和窗户的形式多样，窗间有绞绳状柱，黄色水泥拉毛外墙。此处还居住过柯灵、陈国容夫妇，董竹君，陈同生，刘连波，廖沫沙，白薇，陈子展，钟南夫等革命老干部和知名人士。2016 年 2 月6 日，此处挂牌“柯灵旧居”，正式对外开放，展示了大量柯灵书信、手稿和日常生活用品，并恢复了楼内原有的一座仅容一人通过的小型旋转楼梯，楼上复原了柯灵的大书房、卧室、厨卫等。
SHANGGUAN Yunzhu
SHANGGUAN Yunzhu (1920-1968) has her ancestral family from Jiangyin in Jiangsu province. She had former names of WEI Junluo and WEI Yajun and was known as an artist in film performance. In 1938, she came to Shanghai and became a billing clerk in HE Photo Studio. In 1940 she was admitted to Huaguang Drama School and made her debut in a one-act play Rice by HONG Shen. She soon attended the actor training courses organized by Xinhua Film Company. In 1941, she began her career on the screen with her film debut entitled Falling Roses. When she was starring in the new film A Bride for a Ride, the director BU Wancang entitled “SHANGGUAN Yunzhu” as her stage name. After the founding of the PRC, she was engaged in the Shanghai Film Studio as actress. The films she starred in include Spring Dream of Heaven, A Spring River Flows East, Myriad of Lights, Three Women, Hope in the World, Crow and Sparrow, Fragrance Float Miles Away, The Story of Southern Island, Withered Trees Revive, The Threshold of Spring, Sisters on the Stage and so on. Because of her outstanding performance in Crow and Sparrow, she was awarded the first prize in the 1949-1955 Excellent Film Award organized by the Ministry of Culture in 1957. In 1962, she was listed as one of the twenty-two major movie stars in New China. In 1995, she harvested the China’s Film Century Award.
Her Reborn “Transformation”
Without any background or patrons, SHANGGUAN Yunzhu embarked on the road of film acting due to her own efforts. After the victory of the War against Japanese Invasion, she shaped a corrupt woman who was lavish and vicious in the Spring Dream of Heaven, and a debauchery woman in the Long Live My Wife. In 1947, she entered the Kunlun Film Company, which was a turning point in the road of her life and art. She played the role of “Mrs. Traitor” HE Wenyan, glittering with jewels in the film A Spring River Flows East, the traditional virtuous housewife Youlan in the Myriad of Lights, the firm and calm professor wife and gynecologist TAO Jinghuan in the film Hope in the World and the longanimous Mrs Hua in the film Crow and Sparrow. Her outstanding performance was highly praised by the media and warmly welcomed by mass audiences.
When the PRC was founded, she was only 30 years old, an age when she was able to accomplish much. Maybe because of the role whom she acted in the past, some people thought that she was not suitable for acting “workers” with her appearance, performance style and temperament. If there was no performance for a while, she tried to change the way that she did charity performance up to 131 times for disaster areas or for troops until she passed out on the stage due to acute pneumonia triggered by working overtime.
In 1955, Shanghai Film Studio was ready to start the production of The Story of Southern Island. When the film was about to be shot, the role of a nurse FU Ruohua had not been fixed. Then her friend HUANG Zongying thought of her since she had been waiting in the wilderness for three years. He strongly recommended her to the director BAI Chen. However, allowing her to play valiant, heroic, experienced and courageous nurse would be unimaginable in the eyes of some people. Fortunately, the director BAI Chen prevailed over all dissenting views and firmly invited her.
She lived up to the expectations, changing her stereotypes on the screen which seemed to have been the “social butterfly” and “rich lady”. She made the heroine unforgettable who protected the rear area wounded soldiers to go through numerous difficulties and dangers. Her superb acting found admiration in those who had always been prejudiced.
Since then, she participated in a series of films. In these films, the most famous were such of her roles as mother of Brother Winter in the film Withered Trees Revive, the widow Sister WEN in the film The Threshold of Spring and SHANG Shuihua in the film of Sisters on the Stage, leaving a deep impression on audience. The role of a pediatrician in the film Today, I Rest did not have much part of performance, but it was still radiant.
Introduction to Architecture
The former residence of SHANGGUAN Yunzhu is situated at No. 147 on West Fuxing Road. Built in 1933,it covers an area of 1,260 square meters. It is a three-storied apartment with the stylistic characteristics of Spanish architecture, whose facade is full of changes. Its outdoor stairs reach the second floor. It has a roof of multiple slopes covered with red tiles with chimney protruding from the roof and tooth-shaped ribbons under the eaves. Doors and windows are in various forms with rope-like columns between the windows. It has exterior walls napped with stucco veneer. During that period of time she had neighbors of quite a few elderly revolutionary leaders and well-known public figures, including DONG Zhujun, KE Ling, CHEN Tongsheng, LIU Lianbo, LIAO Mosha, BAI Wei, CHEN Zizhan and ZHONG Nanfu. On February 6, 2016, a brand was put on here with “Former Residence of KE Ling” and it was officially opened to the public. In it are shown a large number of his letters, manuscripts and daily necessities. In addition, the original small rotating staircase accommodating only one person in the building was restored. Moreover, his big study, bedroom and kitchen were also restored upstairs.
上官云珠 （钱定华画）
信息来源：《200031——一个历史街区的文化记忆》编委会
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