1.)句号
We are intellectuals. 我们是知识分子。
l like my job very much. 我非常喜欢我的工作。
Make yourself at home. 请不要客气。(招待客人时的用语)
2.)逗号
1.)) 句子里有平行成分时,要在平行成分之间(最后两个平行成分用 and 连起来)用逗号:
ln my bedroom you can see a radio, a TV set, a recorder and camera. 在我的房子里,你可以看到收音机、电视机、录音机和照相机。
My mother, brother, sister and my wife are all for me. 我母亲、哥哥、姐姐和我的爱人都支持我。
2.)) 用以分开同位语、称呼语:
Xian, the capital of Shaanxi Province, used to be one of the five ancient capitals. 陕西省会西安是五大古都之一。
Jack, come here and let's play tennis. 杰克,过来咱们一块打网球吧。
3.)) 用在 yes, no 等词和非强势的感叹词之后:
Yes, of course. 是的,当然了。
No, you are wrong. 不,你错了。
Oh, how ugly it is. 噢,这多难看!
Well, let me have a look. 嗯, 让我看看。
4.)) 用以分开放在句首的状语短语;用以分开放在主语前面的状语从句:
On my way to school, l came across a snake. 我上学去的路上碰见了一条蛇。
When my father was a child, he worked in a blacksmith's shop. 我父亲小时候在一家铁匠铺干活。
lf it rains tomorrow, we won't go hunting. 如果明天下雨,我们就不打猎去了。
如果状语从句放在主句后面,则不用逗号,例如:
Let's have a chat if you are free. 如果你闲着,咱们聊聊。
如果放在句首的状语从句本身并不太长,也可不用逗号,例如:
lf he comes l shall tell him. 如果他来,我会告诉他。
5.)) 用以分开非限制性定语从句:
Last month we went to Guilin, where we spent a week sightseeing. 上个月,我们去桂林,在那里用了一个星期的时间游山玩水。
The woman who was blind used to be the servent of a landlord. 那位双目失明的妇女曾给地主当过佣人。
6.)) 用以分开并列句的各分句:
lt is 6:30 in the evening now, and the wind is still blowing. 时间是晚上6点半,仍然刮着风。
但如果分句很短,则不用逗号,例如:
The moon is bright and all sounds are still. 月光明亮,万籁俱寂。
7.)) 用以分开地址或日期的各部分:
Published by Foreign Languages Press, Beijing, China 出版者:中国北京外文出版社
Distributed by Guoji Shudian (China Publications Centre) Beijing, China 发行者:中国北京国际书店(中国出版中心)
Today is March 8, 1977. 今天是1977年3月8日。
8.)) 引用别人的话时,逗号有以下几种用法:
1.))) 如果引用了一句完整的话,后面还跟有 he said 等,被引用的句子末尾用逗号,不能用句号:
"He graduated last year," they said. 他们说:“他是去年毕业的。”
但如果被引用的完整的句子末尾不是句号,那就保留原来的标点符号:
"Where were you yesterday?" she asked. “你昨天在哪里?” 她问道。
“Help! Help!” shouted the girl. 那姑娘喊道:“救命啊!救命啊!”
2.))) 如果引用的不是一句完整的话,后面跟有 he said 等,被引用部分和 he said 之后均须用逗号:
"And now," she said, "you may go." “现在,” 她说,“你可以走了。”
3.))) 如果被引用的本来就是一句完整的话,后面跟有 he said 等,接着还要引用,那么,被引用的话后面仍用逗号,但在 he said 之后用句号,接着要引用的部分的开头要大写:
"l found my son at last with the help of a PLA man," said the old woman. "How shall l thank him?" “在一位解放军的帮助下,我终于找到了我的儿子,”那位老太太说道。“我该怎样感谢他呢?”(last with 最后)
3.)问号
What magazine are you reading? 你在读什么杂志?
4.)惊叹号
What a lovely holiday we had! 我们这个假日过得多快活!
Oh! you want to kill it! 啊!你想把它杀死!
5.)分号
1.)) 用以分开并列句中意思上有一定的联系,但又无连词连接的分句:
The matter is pressing; you must find him immediately. 事情紧急,你必须立即找到他。
2.)) 用以分开含有逗号的并列分句:
When l left the village, she was only a child; but when l returned[rɪ'tɜːnd] to the village ten years later, she grew tall and changed so much that l could hardly recognize her. 我离开村子时,她还是个孩子呢。 但十年后我回到村子时,她长大了,变得叫我几乎认不得了。
6.)冒号
1.)) 说明或解释的前面:
She has only one aim before her: she will do all she can for the realization of the four modernizations. 她只有一个目标:为实现四个现代化贡献出自己的一切。
2.)) 列举事物的前面:
We have any subjects: political economy, philosophy, Chinese, English, mathematics, physics, chemistry and physical['fɪzɪkl] training. 我们开设好多课程:政治经济学、哲学、汉语、英语、数学、物理、化学和体育。
3.)) 直接引语前面:
After looking around, Mr. Wang said: "Don't worry! You can catch a later train, anyway." 环顾四周之后,王先生说道:“别着急,反正你可以搭乘晚一点的火车嘛。”
但在直接引语前现在也常常用逗号。
7.)破折号
1.)) 表示说话时思想的突然转变或意思的突然转折:
l'll give you a —— l won't tell you what l'll give you. 我要送你一个——我不告诉你我要送你个什么东西。
2.)) 表示说话时吞吞吐吐的样子:
No —— no —— l don't know her —— l —— l —— l Just want to know her name. that's all.
不——不——我不认识她——我——我——我不过想知道她叫什么名字,没有别的意思。
3.)) 用在列举的东西的语句之后,引出总结性的句子:
Listening, speaking, writing, reading and translation —— all play an improtant part in the study of English. 听、说、写、读、译——这些在英语学习中都起重要的作用。
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