切尔诺贝利(Chernobyl)核电站,是乌克兰的一座已经停止使用的核电站,位于乌克兰基辅州普里皮亚季镇附近,距离乌克兰和白俄罗斯边境16公里,距切尔诺贝利市西北18公里,距乌克兰首都基辅以北110公里。1986年4月26日,核电站的四号机组在实验中突然发生爆炸,导致了历史上最严重的一次核电站事故。
http://photo.39.net/PictureLib/A/CT100045/CT1500000459/2011-04-26/b_11426095224999.jpg http://photo.39.net/PictureLib/A/CT100045/CT1500000459/2011-04-26/m_11426095224999.jpg1986年4月26日的凌晨1点23分(UTC+3),切尔诺贝利核电站四号反应堆发生了爆炸。后续的爆炸引发了大火并散发出大量高辐射物质到大气层中,涵盖了大面积区域。
http://photo.39.net/PictureLib/A/CT100045/CT1500000459/2011-04-26/b_11426095329283.jpg http://photo.39.net/PictureLib/A/CT100045/CT1500000459/2011-04-26/m_11426095329283.jpg这次灾难所释放出的辐射线剂量是投在广岛的原子弹的400倍以上。核辐射尘污染过的云层飘往众多地区,包括原苏联西部的部分地区、西欧、东欧、斯堪地那维亚半岛、不列颠群岛和北美东部部分地区。
http://photo.39.net/PictureLib/A/CT100045/CT1500000459/2011-04-26/b_11426095411488.jpg http://photo.39.net/PictureLib/A/CT100045/CT1500000459/2011-04-26/m_11426095411488.jpg此外,乌克兰、白俄罗斯及俄罗斯境内均遭受到严重的核污染,超过336,000名的居民被迫撤离。
http://photo.39.net/PictureLib/A/CT100045/CT1500000459/2011-04-26/b_11426095500694.jpg http://photo.39.net/PictureLib/A/CT100045/CT1500000459/2011-04-26/m_11426095500694.jpg由国际原子能总署和世界卫生组织所主导的切尔诺贝利论坛在2005年所提出的切尔诺贝利事件报告中,56人的死亡被归咎于此事件(47名救灾人员,9名罹患甲状腺癌的儿童),并估算在高度辐射线物质下暴露的大约60万人中,会有将近4000人死于癌症。
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