Flutter因为是新出的框架,所以对系统还是有一定的要求的。
官网链接:https://flutter.io/setup-macos/
直接在 Get the Flutter SDK 中下载当前最新的SDK
压缩包下载好以后,找个位置进行解压。这个位置很重要,因为下面配置环境变量的时候要用到。我配置到了当前用户目录文件夹。
vim ~/.bash_profile
export PATH=/Users/用户名/flutter/bin:$PATH
提示:这行命令你要根据你把压缩包解压的位置来进行编写,写的是你的路径,很有可能不跟文章一样。
source
命令重新加载一下,具体命令如下:source ~/.bash_profile
flutter -h
出现flutter可用命令提示后,表示安装成功。
我们安装好了Flutter,但是还不具备开发环境。开发还需要很多软件和插件的支持,那到底需要哪些插件和软件那?我们可以使用Flutter为我们提供的命令来进行检查:
flutter doctor
显示结果:
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.2.1, on Mac OS X 10.13.6 17G4015, locale zh-Hans-CN)[✗] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices ✗ Unable to locate Android SDK. Install Android Studio from: https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html On first launch it will assist you in installing the Android SDK components. (or visit https://flutter.io/setup/#android-setup for detailed instructions). If Android SDK has been installed to a custom location, set ANDROID_HOME to that location. You may also want to add it to your PATH environment variable.[!] iOS toolchain - develop for iOS devices (Xcode 10.2.1) ✗ libimobiledevice and ideviceinstaller are not installed. To install with Brew, run: brew update brew install --HEAD usbmuxd brew link usbmuxd brew install --HEAD libimobiledevice brew install ideviceinstaller ✗ ios-deploy not installed. To install: brew install ios-deploy[!] Android Studio (not installed)[!] VS Code (version 1.36.1) ✗ Flutter extension not installed; install from https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Dart-Code.flutter[!] Connected device ! No devices available
注意:带❌的就必须安装,带❗️的就可以暂时忽略。
VS Code是我之前就安装的,如果没有安装是不会出现下面这个带❌信息的[!] VS Code (version 1.36.1) ✗ Flutter extension not installed; install from https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Dart-Code.flutter
所以,这个暂时可以先忽略
Android Studio
打开 Android Studio
, 打开 plugins
,安装 flutter
完成后
[✗] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices ✗ Unable to locate Android SDK. Install Android Studio from: https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html On first launch it will assist you in installing the Android SDK components. (or visit https://flutter.io/setup/#android-setup for detailed instructions). If Android SDK has been installed to a custom location, set ANDROID_HOME to that location. You may also want to add it to your PATH environment variable....[!] Android Studio (not installed)
转变为
[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 28.0.3) ✗ Android licenses not accepted. To resolve this, run: flutter doctor --android-licenses...[✓] Android Studio (version 3.4)
flutter doctor --android-licenses
同意相关协议此处 N 多信息,都是相关协议文件,一路 y 即可。
...此处 N 多信息,都是相关协议文件,一路 y 即可。..---------------------------------------Accept? (y/N): yAll SDK package licenses accepted
完成后
[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 28.0.3) ✗ Android licenses not accepted. To resolve this, run: flutter doctor --android-licenses
转变为
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 28.0.3)
[!] iOS toolchain - develop for iOS devices (Xcode 10.2.1) ✗ libimobiledevice and ideviceinstaller are not installed. To install with Brew, run: brew update brew install --HEAD usbmuxd brew link usbmuxd brew install --HEAD libimobiledevice brew install ideviceinstaller ✗ ios-deploy not installed. To install: brew install ios-deploy
在安装iOS环境时,就碰到一些坑
/usr/local is not writable.
看到这个提示,我们第一时间就是想着修改读写权限
当你执行sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local
进行修改时,系统会有如下提示:
Operation not permitted
现在问题就卡住了,因为执行brew update之类的命令,需要对/usr/local进行写入操作。但是操作用户无法像对普通文件夹操作一样,通过chown获得write权限。由于/usr/local是系统文件夹,macOS限制了对其的操作权限。
苹果从 OS X El Capitan 10.11 系统开始使用了
Rootless
机制,可以将该机制理解为一个更高等级的系统的内核保护措施,系统默认将会锁定/system
、/sbin
、/usr
这三个目录。
在终端输入
csrutil status
收到系统提示
System Integrity Protection status:enabled
说明rootless
默认打开,此时无法通过sudo命令,对/system
、/sbin
、/usr
这三个目录进行修改。
打开、关闭Rootless机制
- 重启Mac
- 开机时后按下
Command+R
,进入恢复模式。- 在上面的菜单实用工具中找到并打开
Terminal
- 输入如下命令:
csrutil disable
此时
rootless
已经关闭,退出恢复模式,正常进入系统。在终端输入csrutil status
系统提示
System Integrity Protection status:disabled
rootless已关闭
可通过sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local
进行权限修改
开启rootless
在恢复模式的Terminal输入如下命令:csrutil enable
建议修改完成之后,为了系统安全,将rootless重新开启。
autoconf
、automake
和libtool
本以为修改文件权限后就会一帆风顺,可惜天不遂人愿。看大牛的播客都是一次过,到自己这里就问题比较多。
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