一、宾语从句分类
1、动词的宾语从句(动宾从句)
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句。
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。
动词短语也可以带宾语从句,常见的这些词有:
make sure(确保)、make up one’s mind(下决心)、keep in mind(牢记)
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it(双宾语)这类动词主要有:
hate,take,owe,have,see,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell
2、介词的宾语从句(介宾从句)
用whether之类的介词宾语从句。
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句,有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。
3、形容词的宾语从句(形宾从句)
有些形容词具有动词的含义,所以也可以带一个宾语从句;
例句:
I am sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his answer is right?
二、宾语从句时态
1、主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2、主句是一般过去时,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.
3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
三、宾语从句语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。即:连接代词/副词+陈述句语序。例句:
I don't know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四、宾语从句的用法
1、that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外:
.介词宾语从句的that不能省略。
.and连接的两个从句,两个从句的that不能省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
.在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中,that不省略。
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time.
2、Whether,if 引导宾语从句,两词可互换。
例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车。
例句:Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没人知道他是否会通过考试。
但是下列情形,Whether,if 不能互换。
.whether从句中有or not
例句:I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
.whether从句做介词宾语
例句:Everything depends on whether you agree with us.
3、连接代词或连接副词引导
英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
4、许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语。结构是:
主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
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