There's a scientific reason you crave junk food when you don't get enough sleep
科学解释为什么当你睡眠不足时，你会想吃垃圾食品
It's 3 a.m. You get up and stumble to the kitchen for some warm milk mom swears will put you to sleep.
现在是凌晨3点，你从床上爬起来，恍恍惚惚地走到厨房拿些热牛奶，你妈妈曾经发誓，喝了热牛奶，你就能睡着。
So why are you eating a bowl of ice cream with a side of cookies?
那么，为什么你正捧着一碗冰淇淋， 旁边还放着些饼干呢?
You may have heard about two hormones that control our urge to eat: leptin and ghrelin.
你可能听说过两种控制我们进食欲望的激素:瘦素和胃饥饿素。
"The ' in leptin stands for lose: It suppresses appetite and therefore contributes to weight loss,1said sleep specialist Dr. Raj Dasgupta. "The 'g' in ghrelin stands for gain: This fast- acting hormone increases hunger and leads to weight gain.
"睡眠专家拉吉.达斯古普塔博士说:“ 瘦素中的代表瘦:它抑制食欲，因此有助于减重;胃饥饿素中的‘g'代表增重，这种快速见效的激素会增加饥饿感，从而导致体重增加。
When you're sleep deprived, research shows,ghrelin levels spike while leptin takes a nose dive.The result is an increase in hunger.
研究表明，当你缺乏睡眠的时候，胃饥饿素的水平会上升，而瘦素会急剧下降，其结果就是你会变得越来越饿。
But food is food, so that doesn't explain why we crave candy instead of carrots. To answer that, you have to look at another system of the body: The endocannabinoid system.
但是这只能说明，为什么我们会渴望食物，而并不能解释为什么我们更想吃糖，而不是胡萝卜。要回答这个问题，你必须留心一下人体的另一个系统:内源性大麻素系统。
In a study published in 2016, behavioral neuroscientist Erin Hanlon compared the circulating levels of 2-AG, one of the most abundant endocannabinoids, in people who got four nights of normal sleep (more than eight hours) to people who only got 4.5 hours.
在2016年的一项研究中，行为神经科学家艾琳.汉仑比较了两组人群体内的2-AG循环水平(2-AG 是人体内含量最丰富的内源性大麻素之一)。另外一组人群每晚的睡眠时间只有4.5小时。
People who were sleep-deprived reported greater increases in hunger and appetite and had higher afternoon concentrations of 2-AG than those who slept well. They also had a rough time controlling their urges for high-carb, high-calorie snacks.
结果显示，缺乏睡眠的人和睡眠时间更长的人群比起来，Ta们饿得快，食欲也更大，另外，到了下午，他们体内的2-AG浓度也更高。同时，缺乏睡眠的人还很难控制自己对高碳水、高热量零食的渴望。
All of this research is so new that science doesn't yet know how it all fits together or what can be done about it. There's not gonna be a pill any time soon for the sleep- deprived junk-food junkies that we are. Instead, you'll have to do what the doctor says to reduce your ilicit cravings in the middle of the night: Get more sleep.
所有这些研究都非常前沿，以至于科学界还不知道这些研究能如何被结合起来，也不知道这样的实验结果能被拿来做些什么。短期内是不会有什么药片能来医治我们这些睡眠不足的垃圾食品“瘾君子”的。因此，你必须听医生的话，多睡点觉，来减少自己半夜变身“垃圾食品狂魔’的欲望。
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