抗战时期抓壮丁的“民国兵团”

{"root":{"nodeName":"document","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"0","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_3_20220722014410757_wm.jpeg"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_4_20220722014411210_wm.jpeg"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_5_20220722014411648_wm.jpeg"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_6_20220722014412413_wm.jpeg"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: left;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"藏品介绍","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"br","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"table","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tbody","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tr","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"td","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-break: break-all;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_7_20220722014413101_wm.jpeg"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"四枚国民兵团督导员的印章，都为木质，两枚条形章，两枚方章。两枚条形章分别刻写“国民兵团督导员第一路第三段第七队队部”、“","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 27.2000007629395px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"国国兵团督导员第一路第二段第五队队部","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"”，两枚方章，其中一枚字迹已经十分模糊，很难辨认，另一枚刻写“国民兵团督导员第一路第一段第六队鈐记”。藏品为山西阎锡山抗战时期执行“国民兵团”制度的实物。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"br","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: left;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"关于国民兵团","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"br","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"table","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tbody","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tr","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"td","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-break: break-all;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"基于抗战的需要，国民政府于1936年3月1日起实施《兵役法》，规定18到45岁的男性在不服常备兵役时则应服国民兵役，在战时状态下，应按照政府的命令参战或担负各种任务，这是在战时战损率高兵员奇缺时的应急之举。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"1938年4月，军政部","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"又颁布《兵役法施行暂行条例修正草案》，规定除在服常备兵役期间及依法免役或禁役者以外，其余兵役期男子均应服国民兵役。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"国民兵役分为","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"义勇","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"、甲种、乙种国民兵三种，役期则分为初期、前期、中期、后期四种。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"另外，壮丁必须接受军事教育，并立法规定不服常备兵役就必须服役国民兵团，必须二选其一。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 27.2000007629395px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"武汉、广州失陷后，日军占领我国大片领土，国民政府的兵源、财源补给面临巨大困难。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 27.2000007629395px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"为坚持抗战，国民政府被迫整顿、改革兵役机构，提高国民兵编组、训练、征集、补充的效率，为此于 1939年春结合《兵役法》制订颁布了《国民兵组织管理教育实施纲领》，","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"规定国民兵在战时要担任后方守备任务，还要从事各种军事辅助工作，诸如清乡、侦察、通信、救护、消防，还要负责防空防毒防谍及抗战宣传，帮助农民生产，开展捐献和卫生活动等等。国民兵团应根据形势需要从预备队中召集自愿者组建自卫队，执行地方警备勤务。国民政府要求国民兵团的国民兵在履行兵役义务时担负多方面职责，在没有战事时守卫后方、维护地方秩序；在灾害发生时参加抢险救灾；在战事发生时及时补员，并配合军队作战或直接参战。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 27.2000007629395px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"后来又陆续出台了一系列有关国民兵团的法规，国民兵团制度逐步完善。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 27.2000007629395px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"各地依据各项法规组建国民兵团、编练国民兵并完成征兵任务，战区的国民兵团还受命参与对日作战。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"据文献记载，国民兵团常备队的主要职责是维护治安；","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"后备队主要负责国民兵训练；","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"预备队战时主要担负后方军事勤务；","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"自卫队则主要是保卫乡土，在外敌入侵时打击敌人。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"由此可见，国民兵团是一支组织严密，训练有素的准军事化部队，虽然很多时候没有直接参战，但是他们在抗战事业中发挥了不可低估的作用。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 27.2000007629395px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"抗战时期国民兵团制度的实施过程可以划分为五个阶段。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 27.2000007629395px;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"第一阶段","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 27.2000007629395px;;"}],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"1939 年3月至1940年3月是国民兵团制度实施的第一阶段，这一阶段国民政府制订了大量相关法规，全面推行国民兵团制度，可以说是建章立制和试验、探索阶段。1939 年 3 月 8 日，国民政府公布《国民兵组织管理教育实施纲领》，这是国民兵团制度开始付诸实践的标志。这个《纲领》规定了国民兵团的编组、训练、管理、中央政府各部及兵役管区的相应","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"职责。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"该纲领只有 10 条，有关规定较为简略，主要是原则性规定，后来制订颁布的许多法规都是以这一纲领为依据的。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"由于是第一部关于国民兵团的法规，因此其地位十分重要。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"在全国17个","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"县以及四川省试行后，1939 年 12 月 8 日，军政部召集内政部、政治部举行国民军训业务移交会议，政治部把社会军训业务移交军政部接管，这意味着国民政府决定统一","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"事权，下决心大范围推行国民兵团制度。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"color: rgb(255, 0, 0);;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"1940 年 1月，兵役署扩大规模和编制，国民兵科升格为国民兵司；在地方上，原来隶属于各省军管区司令部的国民军训处一律改组为编练处，取消各县（市）原国民自卫总队的名号，将其改组为国民兵团。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"在中央政府的大力督导下，到 1940 年春，各县（市）纷纷调查壮丁，按地区或按年次编组各种团队，并将编组情形向团管区、师管区报告及备案。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"第二阶段","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"br","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"1940 年 4 月至 1941 年 10 月是国民兵团制度实施的第二阶段，这是进一步推广时期，但为了缓解财政困难，一些地方的国民兵团被裁撤，同时国民兵团制度的实施与新县制的推行结合在一起。6 月 17 日，军政部核定四川、贵州、广西、广东、云南、福建、安徽、江西、浙江、湖南、湖北、河南等 16 省共成立 897 个国民兵团、1035 个后备队，其团部及后备队队部每月经费由军政部核发，其他经费仍照《国民兵组织管理教育实施办法大纲》第四十五条规定办理。此一阶段，由于国民政府财政困难，难以提供足够经费，加上各县（市）因民众抵制、各级官吏敷衍塞责、缺乏物质保障且战事旷日持久、交通不便，国民兵团的编组有所降温，一些县（市）裁撤了国民兵团，有的地方重由军事科负责国民兵的组训业务，也存在根据实际需要各地成立或恢复国民兵团的情况。但为了增加兵源、增强军事力量，国民政府在推行国民兵团制度时表现出了坚决的态度和顽强的意志。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"white-space: normal;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"第三阶段","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"1941 年 11 月至 1943 年 2 月是国民兵团制度实施的第三阶段，国民兵团正式归并新县制体制，国民兵团制度推行力度较大，成效显著。此一阶段，国民兵团制度的实施与新县制的推行紧密结合，国民兵团的组建、训练取得了显著成绩，国民兵团组织在国统区政治、军事领域占有重要地位。1941 年 11 月上旬，国民政府领导人蒋介石在批示中要求仍应积极组训国民兵团，决不能停止。为了贯彻这一指示精神，同时也为了提高国民兵编练的效率，军政部制订了《三十一年度国民兵团业务实施暂行办法》，规定了许多新的内容，包括：停办后备队，在国民兵团部设立数名督练员负责督促、指导各地国民兵队的训练，把新县制的实施与国民兵团建设结合起来，国民兵团人员待遇与县政府公务人员相同，等等。1942年春，军政部要求部分条件不好、办团成绩不佳的县裁撤国民兵团，在县政府恢复设置军事科，国民军训及抗战兵役事务移交军事科办理。1942 年 9 月 27 日，国民政府领导人蒋介石指","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"示：","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"今后建设内政，应以组训甲级壮丁为中心工作，预定在三年内将全国壮丁训练完毕，切实掌握。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"不久，军政部致电各地强调：","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"查国民兵团为新县制之体制，亦为建军之重要组织，组训甲级壮丁为新县制最急要项目，自应积极办理。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"国民兵团归入新县制体制后，国民政府采取措施理顺国民兵团的组织关系，使之切合新县制体制的需要，国民兵团各层级与新县制的架构一一对应起来。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"军管区司令部是国民兵团在省级的领导中枢，它与省政府平行；","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"师管区司令部是数个县（市）国民兵团的领导机构，它与行政专员公署平行；","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"国民兵团与县政府平行，区队与区公所平行，乡（镇）队与乡（镇）公所平行，保队与保平行，甲班与甲","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"平行。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"在实际运作中，从新县制的组织关系看，县长是行政机构的负责人，他兼任国民兵团团长，但他往往不过多涉及国民兵的编练、征补事务，有一位懂军事或者军人出身的国民兵团副团长会具体","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"负此类工作，因此在一定程度上可以说团长（县长）在国民兵团仅是一个虚职，副团长才是实职。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"副团长会向上级汇报国民兵团的工作（如军管区司令部、师管区司令部），同时也会向县长报告，而上级对国民兵团的指示通常会直接传达给县长，因为他是","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"团长，但县长不必亲力亲为，会交给副团长办理。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"副团长不仅向军管区、师管区乃至军政部、军训部等负责，也向县长负责，如此就使军事部门与行政部门得以紧密联系，有利于调动各种军政资源加强国民兵的组训，为抗战提供可靠的兵源。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"第四阶段","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"br","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"1943 年 3 月至 1945 年 8 月是国民兵团制度实施的第四阶段，这是推行力度明显减弱、阻力重重且成效不彰的时期。1943 年春，世界反法西斯战争形势已明显朝着有利于同盟国的方向转变。在中国战场，共产党始终坚持全面抗战的方针，积极发动群众，领导八路军、","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"新四军和地方游击队、民兵利用巧妙灵活的战术打击敌人，牵制了大量日军兵力，使日军深陷人民战争的泥潭难以自拔，抗日根据地不断发展壮大。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"面对上述局面，国民党政府对待抗战的态度更为消极，继续采取避战、观战的政策，希望依靠盟国的力量打败日军，从而保存国民党军队的实力；","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"而对于共产党力量的壮大，国民党统治集团十分恐惧，企图削弱甚至消灭共产党领导的革命力量，独吞抗战胜利果实，战后继续维持一党专政的统治地位。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"抗战时期，国民党官僚利用抗战大发国难财，把国家银行和财政机关当作少数人谋利的工具，垄","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"断","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"地位进一步加强，官僚资本空前膨胀。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"国民党利用政权力量积累官僚资本，控制经济命脉，残酷压榨农民、工人、小资产阶级，造成民生凋敝、民怨沸腾、民变蜂起，统治阶级与广大人民之间产生了深刻的裂痕，国民党政权面临合法性危机。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"为了加强独裁专政，镇压人民反抗，国民党政府在加强特务统治的同时，对维持其专制统治地位的基层政权制度即保甲制度予以强化，国民党势力进一步渗透进各地保甲组织中。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"区长、乡（镇）长、村（街）长、保长、甲长、联保主任大都是国民党党员，他们掌握了行政权力，也兼任国民兵团团队及国民基础学校的领导职务，可以对民众随意发号施令。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"地主豪绅、高利贷者与区长、乡（镇）长、村（街）长、保长甲长等往往勾结在一起，甚至本人就是乡（镇）长、村（街）长，他们利用保甲组织在政治上镇压人民，在经济上剥削人民，在思想上控制人民。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"国民兵团建立在保甲制度之上，保甲组织多由贪腐的国民党官吏和土豪劣绅把持，国民兵团的编组、训练自然达不到预期的效果。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"抗战中后期，因作战损耗和士兵大量逃亡，国民党军队兵力严重短缺，通过正常渠道征补国民兵补充部队缺额的做法已不能满足需要，国统区各地兵役机构被迫采取“抓壮丁”方法完成征兵任务。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"在“抓壮丁”的过程中，许多乡（镇）长、村（街）","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"长、保长、甲长扮演了主要角色或帮凶角色，导致无数家庭家破人亡，引起当地民众的极端愤慨。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"另外，乡（镇）长、保长等在办理兵役事务时上下其手，营私舞弊，贪赃枉法，对有钱有势的官绅百般庇护，对穷苦百姓则毫不怜惜、不顾死活。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"关于国民政府基层行政人员在征兵过程中的种种恶行、丑行的记载层出不穷。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"例如，湖北省利川县兵役人员为完成征兵任务并乘机发征兵财，见壮丁就抓，使壮丁东躲西藏，有的被迫自残。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"长坪旧寨坝一位老人去世后，一些亲友围坐守夜，乡保甲长认为这是一个抓壮丁当兵的机会，便叫兵丁堵住四门和外围隘口，让人喊“捉壮丁来了”。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"众人听后，四散而逃，纷纷被抓。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"被抓的壮丁不愿当兵，只得找熟人说情，有的则让亲属用谷子或钱作抵押保释出来，还有人向乡保甲长行贿以脱身。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"几年间，仅有 20 多户人家的小村子被抓去当兵的计有 14 人。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"仅 1943 年一年，利川县即有 2625 人被抓去当兵。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"乡（镇）长、保长等既是行政机构的负责人，也兼任国民兵团的队长职务，国民兵团团部则既是组训国民兵的机构，也是办理役政的重要机构，有关人员在征兵时为非作歹、收受钱财的种种不法行为严重败坏了国民兵团的形象，使许多壮丁把当兵视为畏途，自然也就不愿参加国民兵团接受军训了。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"由此造成了一个恶性循环：","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"国民政府依靠抓壮丁补充军队→壮丁不愿加入国民兵团受训→兵役机构抓更多壮丁当兵→国民兵团声名狼藉、名存实亡。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"从1943 年春开始直至抗战结束，国民政府从上到下对国民兵团的编练已经热情不再，加上财政困难、经费短缺，民众不愿入编国民兵团受训，因此，这一阶段国民兵团制度的实施效果不佳，不少国民兵团被裁撤或缩小规模。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"例如，1943 年 5 月 2 日，军政部核准陕西省军管区所呈该省因地方经费困难，裁撤 8 县国民兵团。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"7 月 6 日，军政部核准浙江省游击县份国民兵团裁并县政府第四科办理，但仍保留团部名号。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"12 月 4 日，新疆省所提逐次裁撤国民兵团一案得到军政部批准。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"这一阶段，虽然国民政府对国民兵团仍予以重视，国民兵团在行政体制中具有较高地位，但由于国民政府抗战积极性下降和腐败程度加剧，国民兵团趋于衰落。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"第五阶段","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"br","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"抗日战争结束到 1947 年春是国民兵团制度实施的第五阶段，这是解散时期。早在抗战结束前，由于经费不足、民众反对或人烟稀少、交通不便，一些地方的国民兵团组建、运作了一段时间后被迫宣告解散。例如，湖北省大部分国民兵团在 1942 年撤销，征集训练新兵业务","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"归军事科；县以下仍称国民兵自卫组织，按乡队、保队、甲班编制。其中来凤县于 1940 年春撤销自卫总队部，组建国民兵团；1943 年裁团建警，由县政府军事科负责国民兵编练事务，常备中队被改编为警察大队，下设 3 个中队（每个中队设 3 个分队，共有 9 个分队），有 200 多人。其他如四川、云南、贵州等省在抗战结束前因种种困难或因素都撤销了一些国民兵团，县府的兵役、军训事务","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"重","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"由军事科办理。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"1945 年 8 月 9 日，行政院第七〇七次例会决定裁撤国民兵团，恢复军事科。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"此时，日军虽未投降，但日本军国主义彻底覆灭、抗战即将取得全面胜利却是毫无疑问的。随后，各地国民兵团陆续裁撤，但很大一部分县（市）的国民兵团并没有立即裁撤，还维持了数月甚至一年以上的时间。抗战胜利后，仍有一些地方在继续编练国民兵，但各地国民兵团先后被裁撤，国民兵队被改组为保安警察、自卫队等名目的组织；有些地方的国民兵团一直延续到 1947 年春夏，主要原因无外乎地方需要编组、训练一支准武装力量以便维持社会秩序，特别是维护治安，同时抗战胜利不久国民党政府即决定发动内战，仍需要征集大量兵员，而国民兵团组织是一个现成的兵役机构，无须解散，正好可以再次利用。例如，广西省蒙山县、隆安县、横县等地的国民兵团直到1947年才裁撤，同样是出于训练、征集壮丁的需要。1946 年 10 月，国民政府第三次修正《兵役法》，意图制定一部系统、完备的兵役法令。经过修正的《兵役法》全文分 10 章 35 条，其中规定兵役分常备兵役、补充兵役和国民兵役三种，国民兵役分为三种，即初期国民兵役、甲种国民兵役和乙种国民兵役。初期国民兵役为兵役准备之役，以征兵及龄前的役男即年满 18 岁的男子服之，为期两年，在所在地方接受军事预备教育。甲种国民兵役以初期国民兵役期满、适合于常备兵与补充兵现役所需之超额者服之，在及龄之年，按照规定由县（市）政府施以 2 ～ 3 个月的集中军事教育。乙种国民兵役以初期国民兵役期满而未服常备兵役、补充兵役及甲种国民兵役者服之，亦由所在县（市）政府施以相当的军事训练。甲、乙两种国民兵役期限，均以届满 45 岁止除役。国民兵役平时不入营，就在当地接受规定的军事教育和训练，战时或非常事变时得召集服任以下勤务：辅佐作战勤务或参加作战，维持地方治安，担任当地防空勤务，等等。为了与共产党打内战，国民党政府仍然要广大壮丁普遍服役，因此国民兵团的裁撤过程历时很长。即使裁撤，也只是换个名称而已，类似国民兵团的地方武装组织或兵役机构仍然存在。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: left;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"讲讲民国兵团抓壮丁","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"table","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tbody","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"tr","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"td","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"word-break: break-all;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"所谓“抓壮丁”，指的是国民党当局使用强制的手段、绑架青壮年男子入伍、参加战争的行为。“民国”时期抓壮丁并不稀奇，可是一县之长也被抓了壮丁，这事就有些蹊跷了。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"给你讲嘛，这事就发生在成都，而被抓的人居然就是我们双流的县大老爷！！！","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"被抓的人叫叶楷，南溪县人，他是国民政府在四川省实行新县政时期委任到双流来的第一任县长。1935年，蒋介石首度入川并在四川实行川政统一，四川终于打破防区制，南京国民政府也终于能基本掌控川局了。1937年1月，四川省县长第一次考试举行。1月5日，县长考试试务处成立，考选委员会特派刘湘为试务处处长。经过三试，2月8日放榜，叶楷考取第二名。1938年1月起，叶楷担任广元县长。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_8_20220722014413304_wm.jpeg"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"1939年7月，叶楷调任双流县长。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"当时双流县正应国民政府要求修建飞机场，叶楷经常要到成都向省政府汇报和请示飞机场工程的相关情况，往来均","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"步","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"行。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"1939年八九月间，叶楷奉命到省府开会，只身一人，先到马家寺的通江乡会所办事，出来后已是下午，于是抄近路去成都。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_9_20220722014413491_wm.jpeg"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"这一去，两日都未见叶楷报到。电话查询，双流县政府说已在两日前赴蓉，也不知道叶县长具体到哪里了。四处打听，这件事还惊动了当时刚上任不久的成都行辕主任（相当于省长）兼四川省政府秘书长贺国光，急电四川军管区，彻查此事。这一查，发现叶楷竟然被","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"成都县的国民兵团征训处抓了壮丁","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"了。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_10_20220722014413632_wm.jpeg"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"What ? 县长居然也被抓了壮丁？","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"？","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"有没搞错？","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"？","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"？","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"！","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"！","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"！","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"这还真没搞错。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"原来，那天下午，叶楷走到当时的双流县、华阳县交界的栗园坝路边准备进城时，突然从路边的幺店子中冲出几个荷枪实弹的武装人员，将叶楷拦住。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"叶楷衣着朴实相貌和善，当年曾有媒体形容他：","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"“平素生活俭朴，竹布长衫，草履芒鞋，朴实无华。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"”经盘问，又没有从叶楷身上搜出什么可证明身份的物件，于是乎就把这个看起来有几分土头土脑的县长当作壮丁往青羊宫方向带走了。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"确认叶楷被抓了壮丁以后，县里面动员了好些属下，在省城附近有壮丁的地方明察暗访。叶楷的秘书偶然在青羊宫出操的壮丁队伍中发现了叶楷，叶楷也看见了秘书。哪知道，这叶楷胆小，怕抓他的长官知道他真实身份后，会遭到上峰责怪惩处而把他弄死以灭迹，于是向秘书暗暗摆手，示意不能声张。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"秘书心领神会后，便火急火燎地向省里报告去了。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"省里令军管区派员到青羊宫壮丁驻地，以查验总名额为由集合壮丁，按册查对，喊到谁谁站出来。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"叶楷当时报的假名，当喊到叶的假名时，他应声站了出来。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"于是来人说明叶楷的身份，把他带回了省府交差，叶楷终于得到了解脱。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"这件事是件“丑事”，只能低调处理。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"据了解，1939年，因为征战，前方要求后方送丁，四川全省共抓、拉、抽、征、送壮丁296341人。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"县长被抓壮丁这一荒唐之事，还曾上了当时国民党党报《中央日报》的花边新闻哩。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_11_20220722014413883_wm.jpeg"}],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"后 话","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"经","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"查阅档案发现，民国时期双流确有县长叶楷其人，在任时间为民国28年（1939年）8月至民国31年（1942年）12月。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"之后，曾先后调任资中县长和蒲江县长，1945年4月上调省府。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"span","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"line-height: 1.6;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"再之后，未见记载，不知所终。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"被误抓壮丁之事，不过是他人生的一段小插曲、大家茶余饭后讽政的谈资而已……","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]}]}]}]},{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" ","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},"imageUrls":["https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_3_20220722014410757_wm.jpeg","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_4_20220722014411210_wm.jpeg","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_5_20220722014411648_wm.jpeg","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_6_20220722014412413_wm.jpeg","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_7_20220722014413101_wm.jpeg","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_8_20220722014413304_wm.jpeg","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_9_20220722014413491_wm.jpeg","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_10_20220722014413632_wm.jpeg","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2022/07/2213/249054457_11_20220722014413883_wm.jpeg"],"text":"藏品介绍四枚国民兵团督导员的印章，都为木质，两枚条形章，两枚方章。两枚条形章分别刻写“国民兵团督导员第一路第三段第七队队部”、“国国兵团督导员第一路第二段第五队队部”，两枚方章，其中一枚字迹已经十分模糊，很难辨认，另一枚刻写“国民兵团督导员第一路第一段第六队鈐记”。藏品为山西阎锡山抗战时期执行“国民兵团”制度的实物。关于国民兵团基于抗战的需要，国民政府于1936年3月1日起实施《兵役法》，规定18到45岁的男性在不服常备兵役时则应服国民兵役，在战时状态下，应按照政府的命令参战或担负各种任务，这是在战时战损率高兵员奇缺时的应急之举。1938年4月，军政部又颁布《兵役法施行暂行条例修正草案》，规定除在服常备兵役期间及依法免役或禁役者以外，其余兵役期男子均应服国民兵役。国民兵役分为义勇、甲种、乙种国民兵三种，役期则分为初期、前期、中期、后期四种。另外，壮丁必须接受军事教育，并立法规定不服常备兵役就必须服役国民兵团，必须二选其一。武汉、广州失陷后，日军占领我国大片领土，国民政府的兵源、财源补给面临巨大困难。为坚持抗战，国民政府被迫整顿、改革兵役机构，提高国民兵编组、训练、征集、补充的效率，为此于 1939年春结合《兵役法》制订颁布了《国民兵组织管理教育实施纲领》，规定国民兵在战时要担任后方守备任务，还要从事各种军事辅助工作，诸如清乡、侦察、通信、救护、消防，还要负责防空防毒防谍及抗战宣传，帮助农民生产，开展捐献和卫生活动等等。国民兵团应根据形势需要从预备队中召集自愿者组建自卫队，执行地方警备勤务。国民政府要求国民兵团的国民兵在履行兵役义务时担负多方面职责，在没有战事时守卫后方、维护地方秩序；在灾害发生时参加抢险救灾；在战事发生时及时补员，并配合军队作战或直接参战。后来又陆续出台了一系列有关国民兵团的法规，国民兵团制度逐步完善。各地依据各项法规组建国民兵团、编练国民兵并完成征兵任务，战区的国民兵团还受命参与对日作战。据文献记载，国民兵团常备队的主要职责是维护治安；后备队主要负责国民兵训练；预备队战时主要担负后方军事勤务；自卫队则主要是保卫乡土，在外敌入侵时打击敌人。由此可见，国民兵团是一支组织严密，训练有素的准军事化部队，虽然很多时候没有直接参战，但是他们在抗战事业中发挥了不可低估的作用。抗战时期国民兵团制度的实施过程可以划分为五个阶段。第一阶段1939 年3月至1940年3月是国民兵团制度实施的第一阶段，这一阶段国民政府制订了大量相关法规，全面推行国民兵团制度，可以说是建章立制和试验、探索阶段。1939 年 3 月 8 日，国民政府公布《国民兵组织管理教育实施纲领》，这是国民兵团制度开始付诸实践的标志。这个《纲领》规定了国民兵团的编组、训练、管理、中央政府各部及兵役管区的相应职责。该纲领只有 10 条，有关规定较为简略，主要是原则性规定，后来制订颁布的许多法规都是以这一纲领为依据的。由于是第一部关于国民兵团的法规，因此其地位十分重要。在全国17个县以及四川省试行后，1939 年 12 月 8 日，军政部召集内政部、政治部举行国民军训业务移交会议，政治部把社会军训业务移交军政部接管，这意味着国民政府决定统一事权，下决心大范围推行国民兵团制度。1940 年 1月，兵役署扩大规模和编制，国民兵科升格为国民兵司；在地方上，原来隶属于各省军管区司令部的国民军训处一律改组为编练处，取消各县（市）原国民自卫总队的名号，将其改组为国民兵团。在中央政府的大力督导下，到 1940 年春，各县（市）纷纷调查壮丁，按地区或按年次编组各种团队，并将编组情形向团管区、师管区报告及备案。第二阶段1940 年 4 月至 1941 年 10 月是国民兵团制度实施的第二阶段，这是进一步推广时期，但为了缓解财政困难，一些地方的国民兵团被裁撤，同时国民兵团制度的实施与新县制的推行结合在一起。6 月 17 日，军政部核定四川、贵州、广西、广东、云南、福建、安徽、江西、浙江、湖南、湖北、河南等 16 省共成立 897 个国民兵团、1035 个后备队，其团部及后备队队部每月经费由军政部核发，其他经费仍照《国民兵组织管理教育实施办法大纲》第四十五条规定办理。此一阶段，由于国民政府财政困难，难以提供足够经费，加上各县（市）因民众抵制、各级官吏敷衍塞责、缺乏物质保障且战事旷日持久、交通不便，国民兵团的编组有所降温，一些县（市）裁撤了国民兵团，有的地方重由军事科负责国民兵的组训业务，也存在根据实际需要各地成立或恢复国民兵团的情况。但为了增加兵源、增强军事力量，国民政府在推行国民兵团制度时表现出了坚决的态度和顽强的意志。第三阶段1941 年 11 月至 1943 年 2 月是国民兵团制度实施的第三阶段，国民兵团正式归并新县制体制，国民兵团制度推行力度较大，成效显著。此一阶段，国民兵团制度的实施与新县制的推行紧密结合，国民兵团的组建、训练取得了显著成绩，国民兵团组织在国统区政治、军事领域占有重要地位。1941 年 11 月上旬，国民政府领导人蒋介石在批示中要求仍应积极组训国民兵团，决不能停止。为了贯彻这一指示精神，同时也为了提高国民兵编练的效率，军政部制订了《三十一年度国民兵团业务实施暂行办法》，规定了许多新的内容，包括：停办后备队，在国民兵团部设立数名督练员负责督促、指导各地国民兵队的训练，把新县制的实施与国民兵团建设结合起来，国民兵团人员待遇与县政府公务人员相同，等等。1942年春，军政部要求部分条件不好、办团成绩不佳的县裁撤国民兵团，在县政府恢复设置军事科，国民军训及抗战兵役事务移交军事科办理。1942 年 9 月 27 日，国民政府领导人蒋介石指示：今后建设内政，应以组训甲级壮丁为中心工作，预定在三年内将全国壮丁训练完毕，切实掌握。不久，军政部致电各地强调：查国民兵团为新县制之体制，亦为建军之重要组织，组训甲级壮丁为新县制最急要项目，自应积极办理。国民兵团归入新县制体制后，国民政府采取措施理顺国民兵团的组织关系，使之切合新县制体制的需要，国民兵团各层级与新县制的架构一一对应起来。军管区司令部是国民兵团在省级的领导中枢，它与省政府平行；师管区司令部是数个县（市）国民兵团的领导机构，它与行政专员公署平行；国民兵团与县政府平行，区队与区公所平行，乡（镇）队与乡（镇）公所平行，保队与保平行，甲班与甲平行。在实际运作中，从新县制的组织关系看，县长是行政机构的负责人，他兼任国民兵团团长，但他往往不过多涉及国民兵的编练、征补事务，有一位懂军事或者军人出身的国民兵团副团长会具体负此类工作，因此在一定程度上可以说团长（县长）在国民兵团仅是一个虚职，副团长才是实职。副团长会向上级汇报国民兵团的工作（如军管区司令部、师管区司令部），同时也会向县长报告，而上级对国民兵团的指示通常会直接传达给县长，因为他是团长，但县长不必亲力亲为，会交给副团长办理。副团长不仅向军管区、师管区乃至军政部、军训部等负责，也向县长负责，如此就使军事部门与行政部门得以紧密联系，有利于调动各种军政资源加强国民兵的组训，为抗战提供可靠的兵源。第四阶段1943 年 3 月至 1945 年 8 月是国民兵团制度实施的第四阶段，这是推行力度明显减弱、阻力重重且成效不彰的时期。1943 年春，世界反法西斯战争形势已明显朝着有利于同盟国的方向转变。在中国战场，共产党始终坚持全面抗战的方针，积极发动群众，领导八路军、新四军和地方游击队、民兵利用巧妙灵活的战术打击敌人，牵制了大量日军兵力，使日军深陷人民战争的泥潭难以自拔，抗日根据地不断发展壮大。面对上述局面，国民党政府对待抗战的态度更为消极，继续采取避战、观战的政策，希望依靠盟国的力量打败日军，从而保存国民党军队的实力；而对于共产党力量的壮大，国民党统治集团十分恐惧，企图削弱甚至消灭共产党领导的革命力量，独吞抗战胜利果实，战后继续维持一党专政的统治地位。抗战时期，国民党官僚利用抗战大发国难财，把国家银行和财政机关当作少数人谋利的工具，垄断地位进一步加强，官僚资本空前膨胀。国民党利用政权力量积累官僚资本，控制经济命脉，残酷压榨农民、工人、小资产阶级，造成民生凋敝、民怨沸腾、民变蜂起，统治阶级与广大人民之间产生了深刻的裂痕，国民党政权面临合法性危机。为了加强独裁专政，镇压人民反抗，国民党政府在加强特务统治的同时，对维持其专制统治地位的基层政权制度即保甲制度予以强化，国民党势力进一步渗透进各地保甲组织中。区长、乡（镇）长、村（街）长、保长、甲长、联保主任大都是国民党党员，他们掌握了行政权力，也兼任国民兵团团队及国民基础学校的领导职务，可以对民众随意发号施令。地主豪绅、高利贷者与区长、乡（镇）长、村（街）长、保长甲长等往往勾结在一起，甚至本人就是乡（镇）长、村（街）长，他们利用保甲组织在政治上镇压人民，在经济上剥削人民，在思想上控制人民。国民兵团建立在保甲制度之上，保甲组织多由贪腐的国民党官吏和土豪劣绅把持，国民兵团的编组、训练自然达不到预期的效果。抗战中后期，因作战损耗和士兵大量逃亡，国民党军队兵力严重短缺，通过正常渠道征补国民兵补充部队缺额的做法已不能满足需要，国统区各地兵役机构被迫采取“抓壮丁”方法完成征兵任务。在“抓壮丁”的过程中，许多乡（镇）长、村（街）长、保长、甲长扮演了主要角色或帮凶角色，导致无数家庭家破人亡，引起当地民众的极端愤慨。另外，乡（镇）长、保长等在办理兵役事务时上下其手，营私舞弊，贪赃枉法，对有钱有势的官绅百般庇护，对穷苦百姓则毫不怜惜、不顾死活。关于国民政府基层行政人员在征兵过程中的种种恶行、丑行的记载层出不穷。例如，湖北省利川县兵役人员为完成征兵任务并乘机发征兵财，见壮丁就抓，使壮丁东躲西藏，有的被迫自残。长坪旧寨坝一位老人去世后，一些亲友围坐守夜，乡保甲长认为这是一个抓壮丁当兵的机会，便叫兵丁堵住四门和外围隘口，让人喊“捉壮丁来了”。众人听后，四散而逃，纷纷被抓。被抓的壮丁不愿当兵，只得找熟人说情，有的则让亲属用谷子或钱作抵押保释出来，还有人向乡保甲长行贿以脱身。几年间，仅有 20 多户人家的小村子被抓去当兵的计有 14 人。仅 1943 年一年，利川县即有 2625 人被抓去当兵。乡（镇）长、保长等既是行政机构的负责人，也兼任国民兵团的队长职务，国民兵团团部则既是组训国民兵的机构，也是办理役政的重要机构，有关人员在征兵时为非作歹、收受钱财的种种不法行为严重败坏了国民兵团的形象，使许多壮丁把当兵视为畏途，自然也就不愿参加国民兵团接受军训了。由此造成了一个恶性循环：国民政府依靠抓壮丁补充军队→壮丁不愿加入国民兵团受训→兵役机构抓更多壮丁当兵→国民兵团声名狼藉、名存实亡。从1943 年春开始直至抗战结束，国民政府从上到下对国民兵团的编练已经热情不再，加上财政困难、经费短缺，民众不愿入编国民兵团受训，因此，这一阶段国民兵团制度的实施效果不佳，不少国民兵团被裁撤或缩小规模。例如，1943 年 5 月 2 日，军政部核准陕西省军管区所呈该省因地方经费困难，裁撤 8 县国民兵团。7 月 6 日，军政部核准浙江省游击县份国民兵团裁并县政府第四科办理，但仍保留团部名号。12 月 4 日，新疆省所提逐次裁撤国民兵团一案得到军政部批准。这一阶段，虽然国民政府对国民兵团仍予以重视，国民兵团在行政体制中具有较高地位，但由于国民政府抗战积极性下降和腐败程度加剧，国民兵团趋于衰落。第五阶段抗日战争结束到 1947 年春是国民兵团制度实施的第五阶段，这是解散时期。早在抗战结束前，由于经费不足、民众反对或人烟稀少、交通不便，一些地方的国民兵团组建、运作了一段时间后被迫宣告解散。例如，湖北省大部分国民兵团在 1942 年撤销，征集训练新兵业务归军事科；县以下仍称国民兵自卫组织，按乡队、保队、甲班编制。其中来凤县于 1940 年春撤销自卫总队部，组建国民兵团；1943 年裁团建警，由县政府军事科负责国民兵编练事务，常备中队被改编为警察大队，下设 3 个中队（每个中队设 3 个分队，共有 9 个分队），有 200 多人。其他如四川、云南、贵州等省在抗战结束前因种种困难或因素都撤销了一些国民兵团，县府的兵役、军训事务重由军事科办理。1945 年 8 月 9 日，行政院第七〇七次例会决定裁撤国民兵团，恢复军事科。此时，日军虽未投降，但日本军国主义彻底覆灭、抗战即将取得全面胜利却是毫无疑问的。随后，各地国民兵团陆续裁撤，但很大一部分县（市）的国民兵团并没有立即裁撤，还维持了数月甚至一年以上的时间。抗战胜利后，仍有一些地方在继续编练国民兵，但各地国民兵团先后被裁撤，国民兵队被改组为保安警察、自卫队等名目的组织；有些地方的国民兵团一直延续到 1947 年春夏，主要原因无外乎地方需要编组、训练一支准武装力量以便维持社会秩序，特别是维护治安，同时抗战胜利不久国民党政府即决定发动内战，仍需要征集大量兵员，而国民兵团组织是一个现成的兵役机构，无须解散，正好可以再次利用。例如，广西省蒙山县、隆安县、横县等地的国民兵团直到1947年才裁撤，同样是出于训练、征集壮丁的需要。1946 年 10 月，国民政府第三次修正《兵役法》，意图制定一部系统、完备的兵役法令。经过修正的《兵役法》全文分 10 章 35 条，其中规定兵役分常备兵役、补充兵役和国民兵役三种，国民兵役分为三种，即初期国民兵役、甲种国民兵役和乙种国民兵役。初期国民兵役为兵役准备之役，以征兵及龄前的役男即年满 18 岁的男子服之，为期两年，在所在地方接受军事预备教育。甲种国民兵役以初期国民兵役期满、适合于常备兵与补充兵现役所需之超额者服之，在及龄之年，按照规定由县（市）政府施以 2 ～ 3 个月的集中军事教育。乙种国民兵役以初期国民兵役期满而未服常备兵役、补充兵役及甲种国民兵役者服之，亦由所在县（市）政府施以相当的军事训练。甲、乙两种国民兵役期限，均以届满 45 岁止除役。国民兵役平时不入营，就在当地接受规定的军事教育和训练，战时或非常事变时得召集服任以下勤务：辅佐作战勤务或参加作战，维持地方治安，担任当地防空勤务，等等。为了与共产党打内战，国民党政府仍然要广大壮丁普遍服役，因此国民兵团的裁撤过程历时很长。即使裁撤，也只是换个名称而已，类似国民兵团的地方武装组织或兵役机构仍然存在。讲讲民国兵团抓壮丁所谓“抓壮丁”，指的是国民党当局使用强制的手段、绑架青壮年男子入伍、参加战争的行为。“民国”时期抓壮丁并不稀奇，可是一县之长也被抓了壮丁，这事就有些蹊跷了。给你讲嘛，这事就发生在成都，而被抓的人居然就是我们双流的县大老爷！！！被抓的人叫叶楷，南溪县人，他是国民政府在四川省实行新县政时期委任到双流来的第一任县长。1935年，蒋介石首度入川并在四川实行川政统一，四川终于打破防区制，南京国民政府也终于能基本掌控川局了。1937年1月，四川省县长第一次考试举行。1月5日，县长考试试务处成立，考选委员会特派刘湘为试务处处长。经过三试，2月8日放榜，叶楷考取第二名。1938年1月起，叶楷担任广元县长。1939年7月，叶楷调任双流县长。当时双流县正应国民政府要求修建飞机场，叶楷经常要到成都向省政府汇报和请示飞机场工程的相关情况，往来均步行。1939年八九月间，叶楷奉命到省府开会，只身一人，先到马家寺的通江乡会所办事，出来后已是下午，于是抄近路去成都。这一去，两日都未见叶楷报到。电话查询，双流县政府说已在两日前赴蓉，也不知道叶县长具体到哪里了。四处打听，这件事还惊动了当时刚上任不久的成都行辕主任（相当于省长）兼四川省政府秘书长贺国光，急电四川军管区，彻查此事。这一查，发现叶楷竟然被成都县的国民兵团征训处抓了壮丁了。What ? 县长居然也被抓了壮丁？？有没搞错？？？！！！这还真没搞错。原来，那天下午，叶楷走到当时的双流县、华阳县交界的栗园坝路边准备进城时，突然从路边的幺店子中冲出几个荷枪实弹的武装人员，将叶楷拦住。叶楷衣着朴实相貌和善，当年曾有媒体形容他：“平素生活俭朴，竹布长衫，草履芒鞋，朴实无华。”经盘问，又没有从叶楷身上搜出什么可证明身份的物件，于是乎就把这个看起来有几分土头土脑的县长当作壮丁往青羊宫方向带走了。确认叶楷被抓了壮丁以后，县里面动员了好些属下，在省城附近有壮丁的地方明察暗访。叶楷的秘书偶然在青羊宫出操的壮丁队伍中发现了叶楷，叶楷也看见了秘书。哪知道，这叶楷胆小，怕抓他的长官知道他真实身份后，会遭到上峰责怪惩处而把他弄死以灭迹，于是向秘书暗暗摆手，示意不能声张。秘书心领神会后，便火急火燎地向省里报告去了。省里令军管区派员到青羊宫壮丁驻地，以查验总名额为由集合壮丁，按册查对，喊到谁谁站出来。叶楷当时报的假名，当喊到叶的假名时，他应声站了出来。于是来人说明叶楷的身份，把他带回了省府交差，叶楷终于得到了解脱。这件事是件“丑事”，只能低调处理。据了解，1939年，因为征战，前方要求后方送丁，四川全省共抓、拉、抽、征、送壮丁296341人。县长被抓壮丁这一荒唐之事，还曾上了当时国民党党报《中央日报》的花边新闻哩。。。后 话经查阅档案发现，民国时期双流确有县长叶楷其人，在任时间为民国28年（1939年）8月至民国31年（1942年）12月。之后，曾先后调任资中县长和蒲江县长，1945年4月上调省府。再之后，未见记载，不知所终。被误抓壮丁之事，不过是他人生的一段小插曲、大家茶余饭后讽政的谈资而已…… "}