上二期介绍了英语语法:虚拟语气简介、三种时间的纯假设基本句、非真实条件句与错综时间条件句。这一期学习英语语法:纯假设虚拟句中的含蓄条件句。
英语中用得最多的是陈述语气,其次是疑问、祈使语气,只有很少一些场合用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气,主要有4种类型:
1.表示纯假设(非真实条件)
2.表示请求
3.表示命令、要求、建议
4.表示愿望
1.3含蓄条件句
有些时候,不用条件句,而用一个词组、暗含的意思表示假设,这样的句子就是含蓄条件句。
用with, without等介词引导的介词词组,或者分词词组,独立主格结构代替条件句。
You wouldn’t have succeeded without their support.
=You wouldn’t have succeeded if they hadn’t supported you.
如果没有他们的支持,你们就不会成功了。
What would you do with 100,000 dollars?
如果你有10万美元,你会怎么花?
Having foreseen the storm, she wouldn’t have gone out.
要是预见到暴风雨要来,她就不会出去了。
除if外,还有一些连词能引导虚拟句。这些连词主要有:
in case万一
lest生怕
as if好像
unless除非
as through好像
on condition that条件是
otherwise否则
suppose(that)假设
but that要不是
provided/providing(that)如果
Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain.
带把伞去,万一会下雨。
The kid spoke as if he were a group-up.
那孩子说话真像个大人一样.
模仿造句:
1.现在就出发,万一路上堵车。
2.那个女孩说话真像个大人一样。
通过上下文的意思表示的虚拟句
She would have helped you, but she was too busy at the time.
她本来想帮你的,但她当时太忙。
I should have discussed with you, but I could not find you anywhere.
我本来应该同你商量的,但我到处找不着你。
有时单独用虚拟条件句可作感叹句或者疑问句
If only I could fly!
要是我能飞多好啊!
If only I were as tall as you!
要是我同你一样高多好啊!
What if she were dishonest?
如果她不诚实会怎么样?
模仿造句:
要是我现在就参军多好啊!
如果我是一个电影明星多好啊!
如果他不友好会怎么样!
虚拟条件句的省略和倒装
在书面语中(口语中极少)有时将虚拟条件句的if省去,将主语后的助动词(或者情态动词)移到主语前。
If we had finished earlier, we could have won the first place.
→Had we finished earlier, we could have won the first place.
如果我们早一点完成,我们就能获得第一名了。
If I should have the chance, I would try it.
→Should I have the chance, I would try it.
如果我有机会,我会试一下的。
If I were at college now, I would work very hard.
→Were I at college now, I would work very hard.
如果我现在在上大学,我会非常下功夫的。
感谢阅读!
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