英语语法：纯假设虚拟句中的含蓄条件句

上二期介绍了英语语法：虚拟语气简介、三种时间的纯假设基本句、非真实条件句与错综时间条件句。这一期学习英语语法：纯假设虚拟句中的含蓄条件句。

英语中用得最多的是陈述语气，其次是疑问、祈使语气，只有很少一些场合用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气，主要有4种类型：

1.表示纯假设（非真实条件）

2.表示请求

3.表示命令、要求、建议

4.表示愿望

1.3含蓄条件句

有些时候，不用条件句，而用一个词组、暗含的意思表示假设，这样的句子就是含蓄条件句。

• 用with, without等介词引导的介词词组，或者分词词组，独立主格结构代替条件句。

You wouldn’t have succeeded without their support.

=You wouldn’t have succeeded if they hadn’t supported you.

如果没有他们的支持，你们就不会成功了。

What would you do with 100,000 dollars?

如果你有10万美元，你会怎么花?

Having foreseen the storm, she wouldn’t have gone out.

要是预见到暴风雨要来，她就不会出去了。

• 除if外，还有一些连词能引导虚拟句。这些连词主要有：

in case万一  

lest生怕

as if好像

unless除非

as through好像

on condition that条件是

otherwise否则

suppose(that)假设

but that要不是

provided/providing(that)如果

Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain.

带把伞去，万一会下雨。

The kid spoke as if he were a group-up.

那孩子说话真像个大人一样.

模仿造句:

1.现在就出发,万一路上堵车。

2.那个女孩说话真像个大人一样。

• 通过上下文的意思表示的虚拟句

She would have helped you, but she was too busy at the time.

她本来想帮你的，但她当时太忙。

I should have discussed with you, but I could not find you anywhere.

我本来应该同你商量的，但我到处找不着你。

• 有时单独用虚拟条件句可作感叹句或者疑问句

If only I could fly!

要是我能飞多好啊!

If only I were as tall as you!

要是我同你一样高多好啊!

What if she were dishonest?

如果她不诚实会怎么样?

模仿造句:

要是我现在就参军多好啊!

如果我是一个电影明星多好啊!

如果他不友好会怎么样!

• 虚拟条件句的省略和倒装

在书面语中(口语中极少)有时将虚拟条件句的if省去,将主语后的助动词(或者情态动词)移到主语前。

If we had finished earlier, we could have won the first place.

→Had we finished earlier, we could have won the first place.

如果我们早一点完成，我们就能获得第一名了。

If I should have the chance, I would try it.

→Should I have the chance, I would try it.

如果我有机会，我会试一下的。

If I were at college now, I would work very hard.

→Were I at college now, I would work very hard.

如果我现在在上大学，我会非常下功夫的。

感谢阅读！