前几期我们学习了英语语法:不能变成被动式的主动句1-4、不能变为被动式的主动句5-7、几种特殊的语态转变形式1-3、几种特殊的语态转变形式4-7。这一期,我们学习英语语法:被动语态的常用场合。
语态
2.7 被动语态的常用场合
(1)在被动句中,make,have, see, hear, watch等使役动词或者感官动词后面,作主语补语的不定式不能小略to。比如:
I was made to study at home.
我被留在家里学习。
He was seen to leave the house.
他被看见离开那个房子。
(2)表示材料、地点、范围的介词with,in, to等,变为被动语态后不能改为介词by表示。比如:
The ground was covered with snow.
地面上覆盖着雪。
English is taught in our school.
我们学校教英语。
The singer is well known to us all.
我们都知道那位歌唱家。
(3)不能把否定的不定代词当作被动句中介词by的宾语。比如:
Noboday cando it.
没有人能做这件事。
不能改为:It can’t be done by nobody.
(4)反身代词不能改为被动句的主语。比如:
He taught himself English.
他自学了英语。
不能改为:Himself was taught English.
(5)主动句中带双宾语的动词,如果将直接宾语改成被动句的主语,动词后应有介词to或for;若将间接宾语改成被动句的主语,动词后面无相应的介词。比如:
A book was given to me.
一本书给了我。
Something will be brought for the teacher.
将给老师带点东西来。
The boy was given a pencil.
那孩子得到一支钢笔。
(6)不能把短语动词拆开。比如:
The old manis taken good care of by the nurse.
老人受到护士很好的照顾。
不能改成:Good care of the old man is taken by the nurse.
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