考研英语系列  20170825

一、碎片化单词学习

exception [ɪkˈsepʃ n] ★☆☆☆☆

释 n.sth. or sb. that is not included in a general statement or does not follow a rule or pattern 例外，除外

搭 with the exception of 除…之外

例 The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. [2010 阅读 Text 3] 

研究人员的论点源自于对社会影响的一个简单观察：除了少数像奥普拉·温弗瑞这样的名人以外——他们频繁的亮相主要是媒体炒作的结果，而不是人际关系上的影响——即使最有影响力的人物也无法影响到那么多其他人。

派 exceptional ( a.  例外的，特别的)

同 exclusion ( n.  排除；除外)

payment [ˈ peɪ mə nt] ★★★☆☆

释  n. an amount of money that has been or must be paid 付款额，支付；报酬，报答

例 Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all  payments  are made electronically. [2013 英语(二)完形]

考虑到电子货币的优势，你或许会认为我们会很快进入一个支付全部电子化的无现金社会。

派 repayment ( n.  偿还款项；报答)

同 disbursement ( n.  支付；支出)

publication [ˌ pʌ blɪ ˈ keɪ ʃ n] ★★★★★

释  n.the process of printing a book, magazine, etc. and offering it for sale 出版；出版物；发表，公布

例 Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. [2008 阅读 Text 2] 

编辑是接受该论文决定出版还是拒绝出版，取决于所收到的评论意见。

render [ˈ rendə r] ★☆☆☆☆

释  vt. to cause sb. or sth. to be in a particular condition 使成为，变得；提供(服务) [2008 阅读干扰选项]

例 The news rendered her speechless. 这个消息使她变得默默无言。

同 cause ( vt.引起，造成)

辨 render 为书面用词，多指因外界因素而使某人或某物处于某种状态。

● cause 为正式用词，侧重致使某事发生的原因。

verdict [ˈ vɜ ː rdɪ kt] ★☆☆☆☆

释  n.  an official decision made in a court of law, especially about whether sb. is guilty of a crime or how a death happened 裁定；判断

记 词根记忆：ver(=true，真实)+dict(=say，说) →根据真实情况来说→判断

例 Verdicts  should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. [2010 英语(二)阅读 Text 4] 

裁定应该代表社区民众的良知，而不仅是法律条文。

同 judgment ( n.  判断；看法)

二、考研英语每日一句长难句

昨天留的家庭作业:

The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or agains the clock produces a two-layer system，in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows．

解析:

【核心词汇】

current [ˈkʌrənt]  a． 现在的，目前的

passion [ˈpæʃən]  n． 热情，激情

layer [ˈleɪə]  n． 层，层次

system [ˈsɪstəm]  n． 系统，体系，体制

【考点透析】非限定性定语从句

【结构分析】

（The current passion）（主语）∥for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock （定语）∥ produces （谓语）a two-layer system（宾语），∥in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows（非限定性定语从句）．

【具体分析】

本句的主干是 The current passion produces a two-layer system（目前这种热情产生了一个双层的系统），其中 passion（热情）后面的介词 for 及其宾语 making children compete against their classmates or against the clock（让儿童们和他们的同学竞争、与时间赛跑）作 passion 的定语；宾语 a two-layer system 后面带有一个非限定性定语从句 in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows（在这一系统里竞争性的 A 型学生似乎在某个方面胜过他们的 B 型同学）。

【技巧点拨】

非限定性定语从句与主句的联系不紧密，因此翻译时可以采用“后置法”，即将其放在句子的后面翻译。

【参考译文】

目前这种让儿童们和他们的同学竞争、与时间赛跑的热情产生了一个双层系统，在这一系统里竞争性的 A 型学生似乎在某个方面胜过他们的 B 型同学。

今天的家庭作业:

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened，more time might be spent teaching children surer values．