考研英语系列  20170827

一、碎片化单词学习

curiosity [ˌkjʊəriˈɑːsəti] ★★☆☆☆

释  n. the desire to know about sth. 好奇心；奇物；珍品

例 Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity . [2003 阅读新题型]

人类有思想、有创造力，更有永不满足的好奇心。

thereby [ˌðerˈbaɪ] ★★☆☆☆

释  ad. with the result that sth. else happens 由此，借以

例 Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and  thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.[2003 阅读 Text 2] 

科学家们应该对动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的回应，因为他们的言

论混淆了公众的视听，从而威胁到卫生知识和卫生服务的进步。

同 therefore ( ad. 因此) || consequently ( ad.  因此，所以)

辨 thereby 表示“借以，由此”，通常后边跟动名词。

● therefore 通常引出一个推断出的必然结论。

● consequently 为正式用词，侧重符合逻辑的结果。

scope [skoʊp] ★☆☆☆☆

释  n. the range of things that a subject, activity, book, etc. deals with 范围；机会；能力

记 词根记忆：scop(=look，看)+e→能看到的地方→范围

例 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. [2010 阅读 Text 1] 

在过去 25 年英语报纸所发生的所有变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问地缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。

同 scale ( n. 范围) || dimension ( n. 程度)

辨 scope 多指某项活动、主题或工作所涉及、涵盖的范围。

● scale 多用于不可计算数量或不可丈量的事物，强调其规模或范围大小。

●dimension 多指情况或难题的范围、程度。

poke [poʊk] ★☆☆☆☆

释 poke and prod: push sb. or sth. with your finger or with a pointed object; examine carefully 原多用来指医生给病人检查身体时，在病人身上戳戳点点，后来泛指“仔细检查”v. poke: to quickly push your fingers or another object into sb./sth. 捅，戳；露出，探出 n. 捅，戳；探究，打探

搭 poke... into... 把…戳进…；把…插入…

例 Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly  poked and prodded into shape. [2008 阅读新题型]

别扭或冗长的措辞，以及表意不明的句子和段落应该被毫不留情地检查出来，并进行删改。

同 stick ( v. 刺；坚持) || stab ( v.  刺；戳)

creative [kriˈeɪtɪv] ★★★☆☆

释  a. involving the use of imagination to produce new ideas or things 创造性的；有创造力的

例 In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently  creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.[2009 阅读 Text 1] 

事实上，我们对新事物尝试得越多，离我们的习惯舒适区域越远，在

职场及个人生活中我们就变得越有创造性。

反 traditional ( a. 传统的，习惯的) || conventional ( a. 常规的，因循守旧的)

二、考研英语每日一句长难句

昨天留的家庭作业:

Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. 

【核心词汇】

impersonal [ɪ mˈ pɜ ː sə nə l] a.非个人的,客观的

manipulation [mə ˌ nɪ pjʊ ˈ leɪ ʃ ə n] n.控制,操纵

shareholder [ˈ ʃ eə ˌ hə ʊ ldə ] n.股东

element [ˈ elɪ mə nt]n.元素,成分

represent [ˌ reprɪ ˈ zent] v.代表,表现

detach [dɪ ˈ tætʃ ] v.(from)使分离,使分开,拆开

【考点透析】同位语、后置定语

【结构分析】

Such large,impersonal(修饰主语的定语)(manipulation)(主语)of capital and industry (介词短语作后置定语)∥greatly increased(谓语)∥the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,(宾语)∥an element in national life(shareholders 的同位语)∥ representing irresponsible wealth(element 的后置定语)∥detached from the land and the duties of the landowners(wealth 的后置定语);and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

【具体分析】

本句的主干是 Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class(对资本与工业进 行如此大规模的非个人操纵,极大地增加了股东作为一个阶层的数量与重要性),后面的 an element in national life(国民生活中的一个元素)是 shareholders 的同位语,也就是说股东 就是国民生活中的一个元素,后面的 representing irresponsible wealth(代表着不负责任的财富)作 element 的后置定语,而 detached from the land and the duties of thelandowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business(与土地及土地所有者的责任相分离,差不多也与企业的管理责任相分离)又是 wealth 的后置定语。

【技巧点拨】

an element in national life(国民生活中的一个元素)是 shareholders 的同位 语,也就是说股东就是国民生活中的一个元素,两者之间是等价系。 

【参考译文】

对资本与工业进行如此大规模的非个人操纵,极大地增加了股东作为一个阶层 的数量与重要性——他们在国民生活中代表着不负责任的财富,这种财富与土地及土地所有 者的责任相分离,差不多也与企业的管理责任相分离。

今天的家庭作业:

Among the many shaping factors,I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools;a labor force that welcomed the new technology;the practice of giving premiums to inventors;and above all the American genius for nonverbal,“spatial” thinking about things technological.