考研英语系列 20170905
一、碎片化单词学习
proclaim [prəˈkleɪm]★☆☆☆☆
释 vt. to say publicly or officially that sth. important is true or exists 宣告；声明
记 词根记忆：pro(=forward，向前)+claim(呼喊) →在前面大喊→宣告，声明
例 Eric Schmidt, the executive chairman of Google, recently proclaimed that leadership in the tech world had passed from Microsoft and others to a "Gang of Four" fast-growing, consumer-oriented businesses: Google, Apple, Amazon and Facebook.
谷歌执行总裁埃里克·施密特最近声称， 技术领域的领头羊地位已由微软和其他公司转向快速发展的、以用户为导向的四家公司： 谷歌、 苹果、 亚马逊和脸谱网。
派 proclamation ( n. 宣布，声明)
同 declare ( v. 正式宣布，宣称) || announce ( vt. 宣布，声称)
辨 announce 多指首次宣布大家感兴趣或可满足大家好奇心的事情。● proclaim 指官方宣布重大事件或施政方针，语体比 announce 正式。
●declare 侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布。
device [dɪˈvaɪs] ★★☆☆☆
释 n. a machine or tool that does a special job 设备；手段，策略
例 The networked computer is an amazing device , the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. [2012 阅读新题型]
联网的计算机是一台令人称奇的设备。它是第一台这样的传媒机器：它是一种生产方式，是一种发布信息的途径，也是一个接收信息的站点，更是一个发表言论的平台。
同 machine ( n. 机器，机械) || appliance ( n. 器具；装置)
辨 device 多指为某一特殊用途或解决某一特定机械问题而设计或改装的精巧的仪器或装置。
● machine 为普通用词，泛指一切机器。
●appliance 侧重指家用机器或设备，尤指家用电器。
triumph [ˈtraɪʌmf] ★★☆☆☆
释 n. an important victory or success after a difficult struggle 胜利，凯旋 vi. 获得胜利，战胜
搭 triumph over... 战胜…
例 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." [2003 阅读 Text 2]
18世纪的政治家埃德蒙·伯克有句名言：“一项受错误思想引导的事业要想取得胜利，只需好人袖手旁观。”
limitation [ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn] ★☆☆☆☆
释 n. condition, fact or circumstance that limits 限制，控制；局限；限度
记 词根记忆：lim(=threshold，门槛)+it(=go，走)+ation→走到门槛处遇到限制→限制，控制
搭 limitation of actions 诉讼时效
例The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations , now we become authorities of what is possible. [2011 翻译]
积极的一面在于，知道了一切取决于自己，即有了诸多可能；以前我们是谙熟各种局限的专家，而现在我们成了驾驭各种可能性的权威。
同 restriction ( n. 限制，约束)
辨 limitation 指事先确定的空间、时间或数量的极限，一旦超越限度，就会造成不良结果。也可指不是事先规定的，而是自然的或固有的界限。
● restriction 指把某人或某物限制在一定的范围之内。
evade [ɪˈveɪd] ★★☆☆☆
释 v. to avoid talking about sth., especially because you are trying to hide sth. 逃避，躲避；规避 [2012 完形干扰选项]
记 词根记忆：e(=out，出去，到外面去)+vad (=go，走)＋e→走到外面去→逃避，躲避
例 He has been evading capture by the police after the murder. 他杀人之后就一直在躲避警方的追捕。
同 avoid ( vt. 避免；躲避) || escape ( v. 逃避；溜走)
辨 evade 强调用心机或狡猾的手段逃避或回避对自己不利的东西。
●avoid 强调有意识地躲避不愉快的或可能发生危险的事物或情况。
●escape 指脱离或避开即将来临或近在眼前的伤害、危险、灾祸等。
二、考研英语每日一句长难句
昨天留的家庭作业:
Nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the“odd balls”among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who“work well with the team”.
【核心词汇】
regularity [ˌreɡjʊˈlærətɪ] n.规律性,规则性
conformity [kənˈfɔːmɪtɪ] n.一致性
desirable [dɪˈzaɪərəbl] a.渴望的,可取的
reflect [rɪˈflekt] v.反映;反思,思考
blame [ˈbleɪm] v.责备,归咎于
conventional [kənˈvenʃənəl] a.惯例的,常规的
discriminate against 歧视
odd ball(在面貌、行为、习惯等方面)古怪的人 in favor of 支持,赞同;喜欢
【考点透析】倒装句、条件状语从句
【结构分析】
Nor,∥if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect(条件状语从句作插入语)∥ismanagement to be blamed(倒装的主干)∥for discriminating against the“odd balls”among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers(for 引导的原因状语)∥who“work well with the team”.(定语从句)
【具体分析】
该句主句是一个否定词提前的倒装句 Nor is management to be blamed(管理 人员不应被责备),否定词 nor 和 is 间插入了一个 if 引导的条件状语从句 if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect(如果对科学家来说规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性像他们的论文 所反映的那样可取的话);后面的 for discriminating against the“odd balls”among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers(因为歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏具有传 统思维模式的人)是原因状语,conventional thinkers 后面有一个 who 引导的定语从句 who“work well with the team”(“善于合作”的)修饰 conventional thinkers。
【参考译文】
如果对科学家来说,规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性像他们的论文所反映的 那样可取的话,那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传 统思维模式的人,也就不应该被责备。
今天的家庭作业:
When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.
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