考研英语系列 20170906
一、碎片化单词学习
chamber [ˈtʃeɪmbər] ★★☆☆☆
释 n.a room used for a special purpose, especially an unpleasant one (作特定用途的)房间，室；会议厅；(议会的)议院
例 However,when two monkeys were placed inseparate but adjoining chambers ,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different. [2005 阅读 Text 1]
但是，当两只猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变得明显不同。
survey['sɜːrveɪ] ★☆☆☆☆
释 n. a set of questions that you ask a large number of people in order to find out about their opinions or behavior (对部分人的行为、意见等)调查；全面检查；概述 [sərˈveɪ] vt. 调查；全面观察；勘测
例 A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. [2012 英语(二)翻译]
2004 年对于印度家庭的一项大型调查研究表明，接近 40%的移民都接受过高中以上的教育，而年龄在 25 岁以上的印度人当中受过高中以上教育的只有3.3%。
同 research ( n. 研究，调查)
辨 survey 多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。
● research 指科学工作者等为揭示自然规律或获取某个领域的新知识而进行的长时间的调查研究。
attorney [əˈtɜːrni] ★☆☆☆☆
释 n. a lawyer 律师
例 The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School. [2010 阅读 Text 2]
身为专利律师和乔治·华盛顿大学法律学院教授的哈拉尔德·C.韦格纳说，联邦巡回法院的法官们正在“对最高法院的反专利趋势作出回应”。
同 lawyer ( n.律师) || counsel ( n. 律师)
characterize [ˈkærəktəraɪz] ★★★☆☆
释 v. to be typical of a person, place, or thing 是…的特征；以…为典型；描述，刻画；表现
搭 be characterized by... 以…为特点
例 Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. [2012 翻译]
自亚里士多德时代开始，寻找普遍法则就成为科研活动的特征。
同 distinguish ( v. 成为…的特征) || mark ( v. 标记)
prone [proʊn] ★☆☆☆☆
释 a. likely to do sth. or suffer from sth., especially sth. bad or harmful 易于…的，有…倾向的；俯卧的；倾斜的 [2012 完形干扰选项]
搭 prone to... 有…倾向的，易于…的
例 She is prone to lose her temper when people disagree with her. 别人一不同意她的意见，她就发脾气。
派 proneness ( n. 倾向；俯伏)
同 apt ( a. 有…倾向的；恰当的) || liable ( a. 有…倾向的；有责任的)
辨 prone 多用于人，着重强调其本性，或对于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等有某种倾向。
● apt 口语中常用，指自然的或习惯的倾向，无特殊的褒贬意味，常指在一般情况下发生的事。
● liable 指易于产生某种不利的结果，侧重偶然性，常表示警告或提醒。
二、考研英语每日一句长难句
昨天留的家庭作业:
When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.
【核心词汇】
glowing [ˈɡləʊɪŋ] a.发光的,光辉的
scale [skeɪl] n.大小,尺寸,规模
unparalleled [ʌnˈpærəleld] a.无法比拟的,空前的
【考点透析】时间状语从句、现在分词短语作状语
【结构分析】
When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,(时间状语从句)∥(it)(主语)had(谓语)a market(宾语)∥eight times larger than any competitor,(market 的后置定语)∥giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale(结果状语).
【具体分析】
句子主干是 it had a market eight times larger than any competitor(它拥有比 任何竞争者大八倍的市场),主语之前是 When引导的时间状语从句WhentheUnitedStates entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War(当第二次世界大 战结束后美国进入了这样的一段辉煌时期);后面的现在分词 giving 相当于 which gave..., 为结果状语。
【参考译文】
当第二次世界大战结束后美国进入了这样的一段辉煌时期,它拥有比任何竞争 者大八倍的市场,使其产业经济达到了前所未有的规模。
今天的家庭作业:
Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:they“look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension”.
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