实习护士在维护患者安全方面常常被认为是潜在的“危险”之一。在临床实践中，实习护士也会存在上报不良护理、质疑等行为。文献中用到了一个词“whistleblowing”。但是，在临床实践中，实习护士的这种“上报”或“质疑”行为，往往会被忽视或不被认可，同时，实习护士面对这种回应，常常会产生焦虑、恐惧等负面情绪。有文献指出，经历过这种回应的实习护士，为了得到良好的考核，会不得不“适应”这种局面。
目前，关于带教导师与实习护士之间的关系，以及导师在实习护士提出质疑等中参与研究较少。本研究旨在探讨带教导师与实习护士之间的动态关系，以及这种关系对于实习护士临床实践的影响。
本研究结果共提炼了3个主题：①建立师徒关系。了解临床团队并建立融洽关系是使学生能够适应其临床实践的重要因素。②与导师保持亲密度。带教导师作为学生临床工作进展和成就的主要评估者，被认为是强有力的角色，也是学生考虑到引起指导者关注的重要因素。③带教导师在学生提出质疑中的指导角色。
# 以下是本文献的摘要：
Aims: To explore student nurses’ and nurse mentors’ perceptions and experiences of raising concerns on clinical placement and the influence (if any) of their relationship on this process. A secondary aim is to consider the above, from a regulatory perspective in light of current literature and policy developments.
研究目的：探讨实习护士和临床带教老师对临床实践问题的看法和经验，以及他们之间的关系对这一过程的影响(如果有的话)。第二个目标是根据当前的文献和政策发展，从监管的角度考虑上述问题。
Background: Raising concerns whilst on clinical placement has been shown to be challenging for student nurses internationally. Registered Nurses in the UK (in this case called 'nurse mentors') facilitate learning and assessment in practice. However, limited research exists on the influence (if any) of the relationship between the nurse mentor and student nurse on the raising concerns process.
研究背景：实习护士的临床实践问题一直是国际关注的焦点问题。临床带教导师的作用是促进实习护士的学习和考核。然而，目前关于实习护士与带教导师之间的关系对于临床实践的影响，研究尚为有限。
Design: A qualitative approach was utilised to undertake secondary thematic analysis of interview data. The primary data set was generated during a PhD study, focusing on the mentor-student dynamic and the possible influence of this relationship on students’ raising concerns.
研究设计：采用定性方法对访谈数据进行主题分析。研究主要集中在“师徒关系”以及这种关系可能对实习生的影响。
Methods: 30 individual semi-structured interviews were subjected to concurrent and thematic analysis. Interviews were undertaken with student nurses (n=16) and nurse mentors (n=14) between April 2016 and January 2018. The COREQ 32-item checklist was Accepted Article utilised during the preparation of this article.
研究方法：在2016年4月至2018年1月期间，对实习护士(n=16)和护士导师(n=14)进行了半结构式访谈。
Findings: The following three interrelated analytical themes were generated from the data, ‘developing a mentor-student relationship’, ‘keeping your mentor sweet’ and ‘the mentor role in the raising concerns process’.
研究结果：共提炼了3个主题：师徒关系、保持师徒间亲密度、导师的指导角色
Conclusion: Our analysis of participants’ experiences and perceptions offers an original contribution to understanding the factors associated with student nurses raising concerns in practice. Student nurses and most mentors believed that students should be encouraged and supported to raise concerns, but students’ decisions were strongly influenced by their perceptions of the immediate interpersonal and educational context. Similar barriers to raising concerns have been shown to exist regardless of geographical boundaries, therefore the findings of this study are nationally and internationally relevant.
研究结论：实习护士和带教导师都认为，应该鼓励实习护士提出问题。但是，实习护士的实践问题会受到她们对于“人际关系”和“教育背景”的影响。其实，这种情况，在各地都会有这种师徒间的“障碍”。
感兴趣的老师，可以去下载看一下。
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