小学英语品质课堂教学研究之教材难点突破
牛津上海版4BM4U2 Festivals in China
文化意识类主题的资源补充
浙江省桐乡市茅盾实验小学 沈秀华
桐乡市教师进修学校 凌应强
在强调培养文化自信的现代教育背景下，文化意识类话题在慢慢增多。牛津上海版四年级第二学期中，第四模块第二单元即是一个介绍中国传统文化的单元。本单元的课时话题呈现总分总的结构分布。在第一课时通过Miss Fang与孩子们的对话，揭示单元主题——Festivals in China。对话中提及了四个中国传统节日——the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-autumn Festival 以及 the Double Ninth Festival。紧接着教材安排了节日精读语篇。单元最后，即是对这几个节日说和写的综合训练。难点一：四个目标节日教学力度不一，造成学生输出时的厚此薄彼。单元以四个节日为目标话题和重点语块。在说及写的输出板块上，这四个节日并没有轻重之分。但是反观前几课时的教学，并不能做到输入量均等。在单元安排中，the Double Ninth Festival 和 the Spring Festival分别有独立且篇幅较长的语篇。The Mid-autumn Festival是以复现的形式出现在本单元中的，这一话题曾在四年级上册作过系统的新授。而the Dragon Boat Festival虽然是第一次出现，但是本单元教材中，仅用了较少的文本占比。在Listen and say版块中，这一节日被对话中简单提及——My favourite festival is the Dragon Boat Festival. I like eating rice dumplings。后又在Ask and answer版块中，仅以表格的形式提供了该节的日期、天气及活动（此处补充了活动语块：watch dragon boat races)。统篇看下来，并没有提及端阳节的背景及文化意义。到学生输出的环节，教师可以明显感觉到他们对于话题节日的选择是有倾向性的。学生对于the Dragon Boat Festival的选择之所以变少，一方面是因为他们缺失在文本阅读中获得的情感体验；另一方面，话题的简略也导致了学生相关语言输入量的不足。难点二：节日活动语块较为局限，无法达成学生丰富的表达需求。传统节日的活动相对来说是大同小异的。文本中呈现的活动语块也比较局限。如the Double Ninth Festival，不管是在专门的语篇版块还是之后的问答版块，仅出现了climb mountains/visit old people/eat Double Ninth cakes这三个活动语块。但是，地域及家庭环境这两个大小层面的因素还是会导致节日活动存在着有差异的个体体验。显然，文本给予的“大同”语块并不能支撑学生完成“小异”的个性化表达。另一方面，这种重复的无增量的输入对学生来说难以维持输出的热情。在几个课时的学习后，我们会觉察到资源的单调导致了他们更像是在背诵仅有几个替换项的表达模板。那么，是学生真的对这个话题失去兴趣了吗？恰恰相反，对于中国传统节日的真实且丰富的生活经验，让学生正在遭遇“满腔的话不知该如何表达”的瓶颈。不管是何种教学内容，教师都要尽可能地去丰富学生的有效输入。从文化主题来说，其实输出型的文化资源比输入性的文化资源要更难获得。而在学习过程中，课本提供的输入量与学生旺盛的表达欲望无法匹配，导到了此类话题的根本矛盾点。基于此矛盾点，我们尝试在该单元的课时教学中，穿插学生主持的“嵌入式小课堂”，拓展各个节日的相关语言资源，以丰富输入途径和内容，平衡学生与各个节日间的情感体验。为了达成这一目标，教师需提供相应的视频及音频教学资源，学生自主选择并课外学习，在此基础上再在课堂上分享。课标二级目标“玩演视听”中提出“能看懂程度相当的英语动画片和英语教学类节目（平均每周20-25分钟）的具体要求。下述的主题性视频教学资源“Happy Spring Festival”、“Food for Dragon Boat Festival”和“The Legend of Mid-Autumn Festival”来源于“学习强国”网站，这三节均转自Vipkids的公开课，属于英语教学类节目。观看有效时长在25分钟左右，是学生可取的补充教学资源。而音频“Thinking of my Brothers on Mountain Climbing Day”来自“喜马拉雅”网站。这些都属于开放式免费资源。教材内容：P52 Look and say&Look and learn宏观难点解决步骤：通过第一课时的总领性学习，学生已掌握几个节日的名称。并能用“My favourite festival is ...”来选择并表达自己喜欢的节日。能询问和回答“What do you usually do/eat at ...”。在此基础上出示四个节日的补充学习资源。让学生根据自己的喜好作出选择并根据学习资料（下附）落实课后学习，组建不同的课外学习在线小组，设立组长，并根据资源练习确定小课堂教学内容。为主持“嵌入式小课堂”作好准备。教材内容：P53 Say and act: The Double Ninth Festival嵌入式小课堂：Thinking of my Brothers on Mountain Climbing Day教材内容：P54 Look and read: The Spring Festival嵌入式小课堂：Happy Spring Festival课堂形式建议：小组代表图文教学，拓展春节活动语块。+互动问答：What does your family always do in Spring Festival ?嵌入式小课堂：Food for Dragon Boat Festival课堂形式建议：小组代表图文教学，教学各种粽子的英文表达。+互动问答：What kind of zongzi do you like?*在主教学环节“Ask and answer”前增加学生与Dragon Boat Festival 的情感体验。以平衡学生对于几个节日的选择。教材内容：P56 Think and write&Listen and enjoy嵌入式小课堂：The Legend of Mid-Autumn Festival课堂形式建议：小组代表图文讲述并分角色表演故事。+教学互动：根据思维导图完成复述。■小课堂学习资料1：Happy Spring Festival网址：https://www.xuexi.cn/lgpage/detail/index.html?id=13033117798977477121Spring Festival is coming! Spring Festival is also called Chinese New Year.Every family pastes red couplets on their gates and puts red paper cutouts on windows or walls.People also light red lanterns on Spring Festival Eve.This is a Chinese knot, a symbol of happiness. People also use it to decorate walls and doors on other Chinese festivals.People put on new clothes and visit friends and family. People also gather together to take family photos. People have a family dinner together. There are many kinds of food. Dumplings are the most popular ones. After dinner, most Chinese people will sit at home and watch the Spring Festival Gala with their families.The most exciting thing for children is to receive lucky money in a red envelope.The streets are also very busy during Chinese New Year. There are fireworks and the traditional lion dance.①paste red couplets ②put red paper cutouts on windows ③light red lantern ④take family photos ⑤ watch the Spring Festival Gala ⑥receive lucky money in a red envelope⑦watch fireworks and the traditional lion danceWhat does your family always do in Spring Festival ?■小课堂学习资料2：Food for Dragon Boat Festival搜索：Dragon Boat Festival Is Coming: Let's Eat网址：https://www.xuexi.cn/lgpage/detail/index.html?id=5852857012179638364Food for Dragon Boat FestivalThe Dragon Boat Festival can also be called the Duanwu Festival. It is an important and traditional festival in China.There are some legends about the origin of this festival. One of the most popular legends is in remembrance of Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan is a famous man in ancient China. He worked, served and died for his country.Zongzi is the most traditional food of the Dragon Boat Festival. It is usually sticky rice with different fillings wrapped in bamboo or other large flat leaves.Across China, Zongzi come is different shapes and flavors.In general, northern Zongzi have a sweet flavor with red beans, nuts or Chinese dates as fillings.Southern zongzi have savory filling made with meat, ham or salted egg yolks.Zongzi are wrapped in different shapes in different places. They are commonly wrapped into a triangle, rectangle or pyramid. ①meat zongzi ②ham zongzi ③salted egg yolks zongzi④ red beans zongzi ⑤ nuts zongzi ⑥ Chinese dates zongziWhat flavour is the zongzi in picture?What kind of zongzi do you like?■小课堂学习资料3：The Legend of Mid-Autumn Festival搜索：The Legend of Mid-Autumn Festival网址：https://www.xuexi.cn/lgpage/detail/index.html?id=1288686174935026268The Legend of Mid-Autumn FestivalMy name is Yu Tu. Let me tell you the legend of Mid-Autumn Festival.①This is Hou Yi. Chang’e is his wife. They love each other a lot.②There are ten suns in the sky. It is so hot. Hou Yi shoots down nine of the suns. All the people thank Hou Yi.③A goddess gives Hou Yi a magic pill. The pill can make people live forever.④Hou Yi wants to stay with Chang’e. He doesn’t eat the pill. Hou Yi asks Chang’e to keep it safe.⑤Peng Meng is Hou Yi’s student. He wants to steal the magic pill.Hou Yi is not at home. Peng Meng tries to steal the pill.⑥Chang’e wants to keep the pill sate. She takes the pill.The pill makes Chang’e fly up.She stops and lives on the moon. Hou Yi is very sad.⑦Hou Yi misses Chang’e so much. He makes mooncakes. He waits for Chang’e to come back.1. Look and number.(将图片与文中的句子配对，填写序号）Thinking of my Brothers on Mountain Climbing Day网址：https://www.ximalaya.com/renwenjp/32233870/258028529Thinking of my Brothers on Mountain Climbing DayAlone, a lonely stranger in a foreign land,I doubly pine for kinsfolk on a holiday.I know my brothers would, with dogwood spray in hand,Climb up mountain and miss me so far away.Read and recite. （读一读、背一背这首英文版的诗歌）本文发表于《小学教学设计·英语》（2021年3月）接下来，请了解一下凌哥设计的渐进书写字体及《渐进式英语书写训练（PEP）》：让孩子的书写从端正到流畅逐级提升，最终在第四级时接近人教社教材上使用的字体。
《PEP小学英语》八个册别，都有哦！
再请详细阅读凌哥编写的PEP五年级下册Unit 2 My favourite season中的3个语篇（分别对应Talk A, Talk B和Read and write，可以作为相应的阅读作业）：1. 要求学生写出中文意思。只要学生尝试写中文了，就说明他们在尝试理解语句了。2. 要求学生逐句朗读和默写短文，也就是并不需要学生全文背诵和默写，减少较弱学生的困难。3. 大红色的文字（比如a big problem here, a world of flowers, nature is an artist）绝大多数是学过的词或者基于学过的词，可是出现在五下Unit 2的语篇中是老师们自己都想不到的吧？我们给学生们的语言材料，一定要有意识地复现以前学过词汇，要让学生能感受到语言内容的新意。因为凌哥编写的是《书写训练》，也就是常说的“字帖”，所以没有配上阅读理解题。可是，老师您完全可以自己配上相应的阅读理解题目啊。
这套《渐进式书写训练》的每一册的每一个语篇，都是凌哥精心编写的，基于教材又不同于教材，既能够让学生接触到高复现的词汇，又能让学生接触到可理解的丰富的新语言内容，相信对于加强学生的词汇储备，提升语言理解能力，具有很大的作用。——但是，仅仅作为“抄写”用的字帖来练练字的话，作用就减半啦！使用凌哥编写的《小学英语渐进式书写训练（PEP）》来提升孩子们的书写规范性，增强阅读能力吧！
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