2016年7月8日，美国心理肿瘤学会（APOS）、英国心理肿瘤学会（IPOS）、国际心理肿瘤学会（IPOS）官方期刊《心理肿瘤学》在线发表美国西北大学、伊利诺伊大学的研究报告，发现乳腺癌患者进行中高强度运动可改善记忆、自信、疲劳和痛苦。
该研究入组1477位治疗结束的乳腺癌患者，进行关于运动、自我胜任感、痛苦程度、疲劳和记忆障碍等信息的调查，分别在研究开始时和第6个月时。使用自我胜任感评估患者自信水平，通过提问患者的抑郁焦虑情况、对肿瘤复发的担心情况、所感知到的压力等评估患者的焦虑水平。同时，随机选择362位参与者携带感应器评估患者的运动水平。
结果发现，中高强度体育运动可减少患者出现的记忆问题，减少感知记忆障碍。此外，体育活动较多可促使人们出现更高水平的自我胜任感和较低水平的压力和疲劳感。中高强度体育活动包括任何令人气喘吁吁并出汗的体育活动，比如快走、骑车、慢跑和参加运动课。
因此，虽然乳腺癌患者经常出现记忆问题，但是经常进行运动的乳腺癌患者出现记忆问题较少，这可能是由于乳腺癌患者进行运动可增加自信和减少疲劳和痛苦。乳腺癌患者的记忆问题主要是由于压力太大所致，而非化疗或放疗所致。
Psychooncology. 2016 Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Relationship between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity and subjective memory impairment in breast cancer survivors: role of self-efficacy, fatigue and distress.
Phillips SM, Lloyd GR, Awick EA, McAuley E.
Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
PURPOSE: Many breast cancer survivors report cancer and cancer treatment-associated cognitive change. However, very little is known about the relationship between physical activity and subjective memory impairment (SMI) in this population. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between physical activity and SMI and longitudinally test a model examining the role of self-efficacy, fatigue and distress as potential mediators.
METHODS: Post-treatment breast cancer survivors (N=1477) completed measures of physical activity, self-efficacy, distress (depression, concerns about recurrence, perceived stress, anxiety), fatigue and SMI at baseline and 6-month follow-up. A subsample (n=362) was randomly selected to wear an accelerometer. It was hypothesized that physical activity indirectly influences SMI via exercise self-efficacy, distress and fatigue. Relationships were examined using panel analysis within a covariance modeling framework.
RESULTS: The hypothesized model provided a good fit in the full sample (χ2 =1462.5, df=469, p=<0.001; CFI=0.96; SRMR=0.04) and the accelerometer subsample (χ2=961.8, df=535, p=<0.001, CFI=0.94, SRMR=0.05) indicating increased physical activity is indirectly associated with reduction in SMI across time, via increased exercise self-efficacy and reduced distress and fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of physical activity, lower levels of fatigue and distress and higher exercise self-efficacy may play an important role in understanding SMI in breast cancer survivors across time. Future research is warranted to replicate and explore these relationships further.
KEYWORDS: distress; fatigue; physical activity; selfefficacy; subjective memory impairment
PMID: 27388973
DOI: 10.1002/pon.4156
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