2016年8月9日，《英国医学杂志》在线发表美国华盛顿大学、澳大利亚昆士兰大学、美国达特茅斯学院的系统回顾与量效荟萃分析研究报告，发现多运动可降低乳腺癌、结肠癌、糖尿病、缺血性心脏病、缺血性中风这5种慢性疾病的患病风险，而且每周运动总量在3000～4000代谢当量·分钟之间最为合适。
许多研究表明，运动有益健康。因此，世界卫生组织（WHO）建议，每周日常活动，如做家务、走路等的最小运动量应达到600代谢当量·分钟。但适当运动可降低哪些疾病风险目前尚无共识。
代谢当量指相对于安静休息时身体活动的能量代谢水平，是表示身体活动强度的一个指标。WHO估算，快走等中等强度运动的代谢当量值为3到6之间；跑步、踢球等高强度运动的代谢当量值则大于6。以每小时9.6公里的速度跑1小时相当于600代谢当量·分钟，代谢当量约为10。
该研究对1980年～2016年关于运动与慢性疾病之间关系的174项研究结果进行了系统回顾与量效荟萃分析。结果发现，日常运动量越大，患上述5种常见慢性疾病的风险越低。每周总运动量在3000～4000代谢当量·分钟之间最为合适，超过这个运动量获益将递减。
因此，若能将多种不同运动融入日常生活并坚持下去，达到3000代谢当量·分钟每周运动量不难。如每天坚持花10分钟爬楼梯、15分钟打扫房间、20分钟整理花园、20分钟跑步、25分钟走路或骑车，那么一周的运动总量就可达到3000代谢当量·分钟。
对此，法国里昂斯特拉斯克莱德大学、全球公共卫生研究所、国际预防研究所的公共卫生学教授和研究统计学家发表同期述评，认为代谢当量对于研究运动与健康之间的相关性并无意义，未来的研究必须精简其衡量方法，并报告认知的实际获益。
BMJ. 2016 Aug 9;354:i3857.
Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
Hmwe H Kyu, Victoria F Bachman, Lily T Alexander, John Everett Mumford, Ashkan Afshin, Kara Estep, J Lennert Veerman, Kristen Delwiche, Marissa L Iannarone, Madeline L Moyer, Kelly Cercy, Theo Vos, Christopher J L Murray, Mohammad H Forouzanfar.
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the dose-response associations between total physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events.
DESIGN: Systematic review and Bayesian dose-response meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Embase from 1980 to 27 February 2016, and references from relevant systematic reviews. Data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa from 2007 to 2010 and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2011 were used to map domain specific physical activity (reported in included studies) to total activity.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Prospective cohort studies examining the associations between physical activity (any domain) and at least one of the five diseases studied.
RESULTS: 174 articles were identified: 35 for breast cancer, 19 for colon cancer, 55 for diabetes, 43 for ischemic heart disease, and 26 for ischemic stroke (some articles included multiple outcomes). Although higher levels of total physical activity were significantly associated with lower risk for all outcomes, major gains occurred at lower levels of activity (up to 3000-4000 metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes/week). For example, individuals with a total activity level of 600 MET minutes/week (the minimum recommended level) had a 2% lower risk of diabetes compared with those reporting no physical activity. An increase from 600 to 3600 MET minutes/week reduced the risk by an additional 19%. The same amount of increase yielded much smaller returns at higher levels of activity: an increase of total activity from 9000 to 12000 MET minutes/week reduced the risk of diabetes by only 0.6%. Compared with insufficiently active individuals (total activity <600 MET minutes/week), the risk reduction for those in the highly active category (≥8000 MET minutes/week) was 14% (relative risk 0.863, 95% uncertainty interval 0.829 to 0.900) for breast cancer; 21% (0.789, 0.735 to 0.850) for colon cancer; 28% (0.722, 0.678 to 0.768) for diabetes; 25% (0.754, 0.704 to 0.809) for ischemic heart disease; and 26% (0.736, 0.659 to 0.811) for ischemic stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: People who achieve total physical activity levels several times higher than the current recommended minimum level have a significant reduction in the risk of the five diseases studied. More studies with detailed quantification of total physical activity will help to find more precise relative risk estimates for different levels of activity.
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i3857
BMJ. 2016 Aug 9;354:i4200.
Meaningless METS: studying the link between physical activity and health.
Philippe Autier, Cécile Pizot.
University of Strathclyde Institute of Global Public Health, International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France.
Future studies must streamline their measurement and reporting for real gains in knowledge.
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