2016年8月29日，美国《国家科学院院刊》在线发表英国约克大学、利兹大学、美国德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心、哈佛大学医学院、布莱根女子医院的研究报告，发现受过培训的放射科医生可以在半秒钟时间内识别出异常乳腺钼靶影像。
放射科医生可以在半秒钟这么短的时间内评估一幅乳腺钼靶影像，这表明放射科医生可以迅速识别乳腺癌某些特征。放射科医生在看过钼靶影像第一眼后可能有些直觉，这些直觉根据影像中实际存在的东西产生。不仅如此，他们可以从另一侧并无病变的乳房发现异常情况。这些结果表明表面正常的乳房可能存在某些可以检测的异常。总体来看，这些结果表明放射科医生可能发现更早，而此时尚未出现不正常的整体信号。
对这个信号进行定义可能会对研发成像工具和改善医学培训有启发作用。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Aug 29. [Epub ahead of print]
A half-second glimpse often lets radiologists identify breast cancer cases even when viewing the mammogram of the opposite breast.
Evans KK, Haygood TM, Cooper J, Culpan AM, Wolfe JM.
University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; York Teaching Hospital, York YO31 8HE, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Humans are very adept at extracting the "gist" of a scene in a fraction of a second. We have found that radiologists can discriminate normal from abnormal mammograms at above-chance levels after a half-second viewing (d'～1) but are at chance in localizing the abnormality. This pattern of results suggests that they are detecting a global signal of abnormality. What are the stimulus properties that might support this ability? We investigated the nature of the gist signal in four experiments by asking radiologists to make detection and localization responses about briefly presented mammograms in which the spatial frequency, symmetry, and/or size of the images was manipulated. We show that the signal is stronger in the higher spatial frequencies. Performance does not depend on detection of breaks in the normal symmetry of left and right breasts. Moreover, above-chance classification is possible using images from the normal breast of a patient with overt signs of cancer only in the other breast. Some signal is present in the portions of the parenchyma (breast tissue) that do not contain a lesion or that are in the contralateral breast. This signal does not appear to be a simple assessment of breast density but rather the detection of the abnormal gist may be based on a widely distributed image statistic, learned by experts. The finding that a global signal, related to disease, can be detected in parenchyma that does not contain a lesion has implications for improving breast cancer detection.
KEYWORDS: attention; gist processing; mammography; medical image perception
PMID: 27573841
PII: 201606187
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606187113
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