Exactlyhow gross are dog kisses?
到底狗狗的亲吻有多恶心？
Dogs lick us because they love us, but should we love their kisses?
狗狗舔我们，是因为它们爱我们，但是，我们是不是也该爱它们的亲吻呢？
There are more than 700 different types of bacteria in a dog's mouth — and that's just normal bacteria (it doesn't count the rotting ham sandwich Fido found on his morning walk). So, that saying about a dog's mouth being clean is rubbish.
在狗的嘴里，有700多种不同的细菌——而这些不过是普通的细菌（还不包括狗狗在你早晨遛它的时候发现的已经烂了的火腿三明治）。所以，那些说狗狗的嘴里很干净的说法都是瞎扯。
Veterinarians Will Draper and Francoise Tyler, Web MD contributors from The Village Vets practices in Atlanta, Ga., say there are two reasons to be concerned: One, if a dog licks someone who has a weak immune system (like those with cancer) or two, if the dog has a medical condition that could spread.
兽医Will Draper和Francoise Tyler，他们是佐治亚州的亚特兰大兽医，同时也是美国医疗健康网站的投稿人，说，有两个原因应该引起关注：第一，如果狗狗亲吻的是一个免疫系统低下（比如那些癌症患者）的人，或者第二，如果狗狗自身有可以传播的疾病在身。
"If a pet has medical issues such as periodontal disease or intestinal parasites, there is a risk for cross-infection (also known as “zoonotic”)," Tyler said in an email. "These issues should be addressed by your veterinarian if you want your pet to love on you.”
“如果宠物本身具有一些诸如牙周病或者肠道寄生虫病，那就有传染的危险（也被称为动物传染病），“Tyler在一封邮件里说道。”如果你想让你的动物爱你的话，那么你的宠物医生需要告知你这些情况。“
A small 2011 study published in PubMed of 66 dogs and 81 people in Japan suggested dogs kissing their owner's mouths might swap disease-causing oral bacteria.
在PubMed2011年发表的一篇文章中，针对日本的66只狗和81个人做了一个小调查，显示狗狗亲吻它们的主人，可导致引起疾病的口腔细菌交换。
There's also a more obvious reason you might not want a smooch from your pooch, and that is: They put a lot of nasty stuff in their mouth.
还有一些非常明显的原因，你或许并不想你的狗狗来亲你，那就是：它们吃很多相当不洁的东西到嘴里。
“If your pooch is a scavenger, then a canine lick on the lips could jeopardize your health,” Mehmet Oz told PEOPLEPets.com in a 2011 interview. “The half-eaten hot dog your dog found on the street — or the feces he was nibbling on — could be loaded with germs and bacteria such as toxocara, salmonella, giardia, hookworm, tapeworm and many others, putting your family’s health at risk.”
“如果你的狗狗是个清道夫，那么它在你嘴唇上的一个吻就可能会危及你的健康，“Mehmet Oz在2011年PEOPLEPets.com 的访谈中这样说道。“你的狗狗在街边发现的吃了一半的热狗 - 或者他咬过的粪便 - 可能携带有弓蛔虫、沙门氏菌、梨形鞭毛虫、钩虫、绦虫或更多其他的细菌和病毒，威胁你的家人的健康。
Before you quarantine your pup, know that there has been some data showing dog germs can have a positive effect. For example, a 2012 study published in Pediatricsshowed having a dog at home during an infant's first year of life prevents respiratory illnesses. Dog exposure might even prevent a type of eczema. Some have suggested dog germs are so helpful to a human's immune system, there could be a market for pills of pup bacteria.
在把你的狗狗隔离开之前，你需要了解狗狗的病菌也会有积极的影响。比如，2012年的在Pediatrics（儿科杂志）上发表的一份报告显示，在婴儿第一年时，家中有宠物的话，可以避免孩子罹患呼吸道疾病。有狗狗的家庭，还有可能避免湿疹。还有人建议，狗狗的病菌可以帮助人类的免疫系统，所以用狗狗的病菌制成的药片或许还很有市场呢。
But, on the whole, there isn't enough data to show whether or not specifically dog saliva is healthy for humans or not, said Kimberly Kelly, a postdoctoral research associate at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
但是，总体来说，没有足够的证据可以证明狗狗的唾液对人体健康是有害的，或者相反，Kimberly Kelly，与威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校合作的博士后研究课题。
Kelly studied possible health benefits from dogs and those ages 50-80 in 2015 by looking at microbe transfers, hoping to show how dogs might improve health. While adults studied did show improved immune function and emotional wellbeing, microbe transfer wasn't particular strong, she said. Did dog kisses help? It's unknown.
Kelly在2015年，针对狗狗对那些年龄在50-80岁之间的人的健康所带来的好处进行研究，通过观察他们的微生物转移，以期能够看到狗对于他们健康状况改善所起到的作用。对于成年人的调查确实可以看到他们的免疫力有所改善，情绪更愉悦，微生物的转移并不强烈，她说。狗狗的亲吻是不是帮上忙了？还是未知。
Through her research, which is not yet published, she's heard many personal stories from people on both sides of the spectrum, she said, including one who claimed their dog’s kisses healed them from skin cancer and another who believes dog saliva caused a loved one’s death.
通过她的尚未公开发表的调查，她说两个极端都有很多人提供了很多他们的个人经历，其中包括有人说他们的狗的亲吻帮助他们治好了皮肤癌，也有人说，坚信狗狗的唾液导致了他们挚爱的人的死亡。
“People need to be cautious,” she said. “We just don’t know enough at this point.”
“大家应该小心，”她说。“在这一点上，我们知道的还不够多。”
重点单词汇总
gross：恶心
bacteria：细菌
veterinarians：兽医
Lick：舔
Immunesystem：免疫，免疫系统；有免疫力的
saliva：唾液
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