Patients need rest，not antibiotics，say health officials
卫生健康官员说,病人需要的是休息,而不是抗生素
More patients should be told to go home and rest rather than be given antibiotics，according to health officials.
据卫生官员说,更多的病人应该被告知回家休息,而不是被给予抗生素。
antibiotics
抗生素
Public Health England (PHE) says up to a fifth of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary as many illnesses get better on their own.
英国公共卫生部（PHE）说,多达1/5的抗生素处方是不必要的,因为许多疾病都能够自愈。
a fifth：五分之一
prescription：处方
Overusing the drugs is making infections harder to treat by creating drug-resistant superbugs.过度使用这些药物，会产生抗药的超级细菌，从而使感染更加难以治疗。
overusing：过度用药
drug-resistant superbug超级耐药菌
PHE says patients have "a part to play" in stopping the rise of infections.
英国公共卫生部说，在阻止感染的增长，病人是需要 “起到一定的作用"的。
It is estimated: 5,000 people die in England each year as a result of drug-resistant infections
据估计: 在英国，每年有5000人死于耐药菌感染
Four in 10 cases of bloodstream E. coli infections now cannot be treated with first-choice antibiotics
十例中有四例血液大肠杆菌感染，目前无法使用首选抗生素得以治疗。
By 2050，drug-resistant infections around the world are expected to kill more people than currently die from cancer
到 2050年，世界各地的抗药性感染预计将杀死比目前死于癌症的人更多
Antibiotics are vital in cases of sepsis，pneumonia，bacterial meningitis and other severe infections.
在脓毒症、肺炎、细菌性脑膜炎和其他严重感染病例中，抗生素是至关重要的。
vital：至关重要，生死攸关的
But PHE says antibiotics are not essential for every illness.
但是，英国公众健康部说抗生素不是对每种疾病都是必要的。
essential：基本的，必要的
Coughs or bronchitis can take up to three weeks to clear on their own，but antibiotics reduce that by only one to two days，it says.
该部门说，咳嗽或支气管炎可能需要长达三周的时间才能自愈，而抗生素只能减少一到两天。
Prof Paul Cosford，medical director at PHE，told the BBC: "We don't often need antibiotics for common conditions.
英国公众健康部医务主任Paul Cosford 教授告诉 BBC: “通常情况下我们不需要抗生素。“
"The majority of us will get infections from time to time and will recover because of our own immunity.”
"我们中的大多数人会时不时会出现感染，我们因为自身的免疫力而恢复。“
from time to time：不时，偶尔，间或; 时而;
immunity：免疫力
He said patients should not go to their doctor "expecting an antibiotic”.
他说，病人不应该去看医生时 “指望着拿到抗生素"。
Instead，for infections that our body can handle，the advice is to:
相反，那些我们的身体可以对付的感染，则建议你:
handle：处理
have plenty of rest
得到充足的休息
use pain relief such as paracetamol
用止疼药，如扑热息痛
drink plenty of fluids
喝大量的液体
Prof Cosford said: "A doctor will be able to tell you when an antibiotic is really necessary.
Cosford 教授说: “医生会告诉你，什么时候你才真的需要抗生素。“
"The fact is if you take an antibiotic when you don't need it then you're more likely to have an infection that the antibiotics don't work for over the coming months.”
“事实是，如果你不需要可还是用了抗生素的话，那么在接下来的几个月里，如果你得上一种感染的话，有可能抗生素对你就不再有效果了。”
over the coming months：在之后的几个月里
The Keep Antibiotics Working campaign will also see patients handed leaflets explaining how long it normally takes to recover and the warning signs of serious illness.
“让抗生素继续有效”运动组织也将确保病人得到传单，说明通常需要多久才能恢复，以及严重疾病的警告症状。
warning signs：提醒注意的症状
Bacteria are incredibly cunning - once you start attacking them with antibiotics，they find ways of surviving. People have died from bugs resistant to all antibiotics.
细菌是令人难以置信的狡猾-一旦你开始用抗生素攻击他们，他们寻找生存的方法。有人死于对所有抗生素都有耐药性的病菌。
cunning：狡猾的; 灵巧的; 奸诈的;
England's chief medical officer，Prof Dame Sally Davies，has already warned of a "post-antibiotic apocalypse".
英格兰的首席医疗官，Sally Davies女爵教授，已经警告过 “抗生素后世界末日”。
apocalypse：世界毁灭; 大灾变; 末世;
If the drugs fail，then not only do infections become harder to treat，but common medical procedures such as caesarean sections and cancer treatments could become too risky.
如果药物失败，那么不仅感染变得更难治疗，那么连普通的医疗手段，如剖腹产和癌症治疗可能都会变得过于危险。
caesarean sections：剖宫产，剖腹产
The most serious drug-resistant infections are sent to PHE's laboratories at Colindale，north London，for analysis.
最严重的耐药性感染被送往伦敦北部 Colindale 的实验室进行分析。
Prof Neil Woodford，the site's head of antimicrobial resistance，said the most potent antibiotics，like carbapenems，were failing more often.
该实验室的抗菌素耐药性负责人Neil Woodford教授说，最有效的抗生素，如碳青霉烯类抗生素，更经常失效。
potent：有效的，强有力的;
more often：经常; 常常( often的比较级 ); 时常; 在大多数情况下;
He told the BBC: "If we go back to 2005/07，we were seeing these bacteria in maybe two to four cases per year.
他告诉 BBC: "如果我们回到 2005/07，我们看到的是这些细菌每年可能也就两到四例。
"Last year we confirmed these resistant bacteria in over 2,000 cases.
“去年我们证实了这些耐药细菌超过2000例。“
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