7 things surprsingly harmful to your heart
7 个对你的心脏出奇有害的事
Many things in daily life can cause heart disease.
日常生活中的许多事情都会引发心脏病。
For example, smoking, foods high in saturated fat, sugar and salt, sedentary lifestyle and obesity are all bad for the heart.
例如，吸烟、富含饱和脂肪的食物、糖和盐、久坐的生活方式和肥胖都对心脏有害。
saturated fat： [ˈsætʃəˌretɪd fæt] （来自肉类和乳类的）饱和脂肪
sedentary：[ˈsednteri] adj. 坐着的;（指工作等）坐着干的;案头的;（指人）不爱活动的
Some chronic health conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes are big risk factors too.
一些慢性疾病如高血压和糖尿病也是很大的危险因素。
But there are several things we rarely expect that can hurt the heart.
有这样几件事，却是我们很少会与伤害心脏连在一起。
Air Pollution
空气污染
Research finds that inhaling tiny particles of dust, soot and smoke can cause inflammation in the lungs, affecting the heart and blood vessels.
研究发现，灰尘、煤烟，和烟雾中的微小颗粒会导致肺部发炎，影响心脏和血管。
soot：[sʊt, sut] n. 油烟;煤烟，烟灰
Long time exposure to pollution can also cause calcium to build up in coronary arteries, increasing heart attack and stroke risk.
长期接触污染也会导致钙在冠状动脉内积聚，增加心脏病发作和中风的风险。
calcium： [ˈkælsiəm] n.<化>钙
coronary： [ˈkɔ:rəneri] adj. 冠状动脉或静脉的
Poor sleep
睡眠不佳
Many studies have shown that poor sleep quality is bad for the heart. Sleep loss is linked to higher risk of high blood pressure.
许多研究表明，睡眠质量不佳对心脏有害。失眠与高血压的高风险有关。
People with not enough sleep also have slower metabolism and less energy and easy to be overweight, which is a risk factor of heart disease.
睡眠不足的人新陈代谢更慢，精力更少，而且容易超重，这是心脏病的一个危险因素。
metabolism：[mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm] n. 新陈代谢;代谢作用
Poor dental health
不良口腔卫生
Recent research has linked unhealth gums to heart disease. This is because excess plaque inflames gum tissue, which may transmit icky mouth bacteria into the bloodstream.
最近的研究将不健康的牙龈与心脏病联系在一起。这是因为过多的牙菌斑刺激牙龈组织，这可能会把讨厌的口腔细菌带到到血液中。
gums：牙龈
excess： [ˈɛkˌsɛs] n. 超过;超额量;多余量;
tooth plaque：[plæk] 牙菌斑
inflame： [ɪnˈflem] vt.& vi. 使发炎
icky： [ˈɪki] adj. 讨厌的
Although more research is needed, experts say that it is beneficial to floss and see your dentist regularly.
虽然在这方面需要更多的研究，专家说，用牙线并定期看到你的牙医是很有益的。
floss： [flɔ:s] vi.用牙线清洁牙齿
Cold weather
寒冷的天气
Recent studies show that low temperatures lead to the body’s arteries to constrict and can rise blood pressure and heart rate.
最近的研究表明，低温会导致人体动脉收缩，并会使血压升高和心率加速。
constrict：[kənˈstrɪkt] vt. 收缩;压缩，
artery： [ˈɑ:rtəri] n. [解剖]动脉;
People with high blood pressure, diabetes or heart disease are at a higher risk of heart attack, especially when they do physical tasks.
高血压、糖尿病或心脏病患者心脏病发作的风险较高，尤其是在做体力工作时。
Too much stress
压力太大
Feeling stressful all the time can trigger adrenaline, the body’s “fight or flight” response, which increase heart rate and blood pressure.
感受到压力时会触发肾上腺素分泌，身体的 “要么打、要么逃” 的反应也会增加心率和血压。
adrenaline：[əˈdrɛnəlɪn] n. <生化>肾上腺素;
People under stress also tend to use substance more, like alcohol and nicotine, and eat more junk food. All of these are bad for the heart.
感觉有压力的人也倾向于更多用借助物质解压，比如通过酒精和尼古丁，或者吃更多的垃圾食品。所有这些都对心脏有害。
Snoring during sleep
睡眠打呼噜
Research shows that people who snore are more likely to have thickening in the walls of the carotid artery, which can increase the risk of stroke and heart attack.
研究表明，打鼾的人更有可能颈动脉壁增厚，这会增加中风和心脏病发作的风险。
carotid：[kə'rɒtɪd] n.& adj. 颈动脉（的）
In addition, people with sleep apnea have higher risk of heart disease.
此外，睡眠呼吸暂停的患者有较高的心脏病风险。
apnea： ['æpnɪr] n. 窒息;无呼吸，呼吸暂停
Feeling lonely
感到孤独
Loneliness is bad for your heart. Researchers find that socially isolated people have higher risk of heart disease and stroke than their social peers.
孤独对你的心脏有害。研究人员发现，离群索居的人患心脏病和中风的风险比社会同龄人高。
peers：['pɪrz] n. 同等的人，同类的人
This may be because people who live alone could be more prone to bad lifestyle habits, such as smoking, avoid exercise, drinking alcohol, and not seek health care when sick.
这可能是因为生活在孤独中的人更容易养成不良的生活方式习惯，比如吸烟、避免运动、饮酒、并且在生病时不寻求治疗。
prone：[proʊn] adj. 有…倾向的;
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