The HPV vaccine will be given to boys as well as girls in England
英国将像给女孩一样给男孩注射HPV疫苗
HPV ：human papillomavirus 人乳头状瘤病毒
HPV病毒是人类乳头瘤病毒的缩写，有很多变种，HPV16和18型长期感染与女性宫颈癌有关。
A vaccine against the human papillomavirus, or HPV, will be given to boys in England for the first time, the UK government announced on Tuesday.
英国政府星期二宣布，将首次在英国对男童接种人类乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗。
vaccine [vækˈsi:n] n.疫苗，痘苗 adj.痘苗的，疫苗的
The injection -- which protects boys against the virus, which can cause oral, throat and anal cancer -- will be given to teens aged 12 to 13.
这个疫苗能保护男童免受病毒感染，而这类病毒会导致口腔癌、喉癌和肛门癌，这种疫苗是注射给12至13岁男孩的。
Thousands of boys are expected to receive the HPV vaccine each year, beginning from 2019.
预计从2019年开始，每年有数千名男孩接受HPV疫苗接种。
The vaccine is already routinely offered to girls of the same age. Tuesday's announcement brings English health policy into line with that in Scotland and Wales. Few other countries in the world offer the injection to both genders.
目前这种疫苗在英国同年龄女孩中已常规性接种。星期二发布的声明使英格兰的卫生政策与苏格兰和威尔士的政策相一致。 目前世界上几乎还没有几个国家同时向男性和女性注射这种疫苗。
It is thought the vaccine will also help reduce the overall number of cervical cancers in women, through a process known as "herd immunity."
据认为，疫苗, 通过一个被称为“群体免疫力”的过程，也会有助于减少妇女宫颈癌的总体数量。
"This extended program offers us the opportunity to make HPV-related diseases a thing of the past and build on the success of the girls' program, which has already reduced the prevalence of HPV 16 and 18, the main cancer-causing types, by over 80%," said Mary Ramsay, head of immunizations at Public Health England, in a statement.
英国公共卫生部的免疫部门的负责人Mary Ramsay在一份声明中说：“这个延伸计划为我们提供了一个机会，使HPV相关疾病成为过去，它是建立在女孩计划的成功基础上，这已经使主要致癌类型的HPV 16和18的的流行程度降低了80%以上。”
prevalence [ˈprɛvələns] n.流行;盛行;普遍;（疾病等的）流行程度
How does the vaccine work?
这个疫苗怎么有效呢？
HPV is a group of 150 related viruses that can be transmitted through any form of sexual contact, whether kissing or intercourse. In most cases, the human body will get rid of it naturally, but certain high-risk types can develop into things like genital warts and cancers.
HPV是一组由150种相关病毒组成的病毒，它们可以通过任何形式的性接触传播，无论是接吻还是性交。在大多数情况下，人体会自然摆脱它，但某些高危类型可以发展成像生殖器疣和癌症之类的东西。
However the vaccine is a mimic of the virus particle; when administered into someone's muscle, it creates many more antibodies than a natural infection would, according to John Doorbar, professor of viral pathogenesis at the University of Cambridge.
但是，据剑桥大学病毒病学教授John Doorbar说，疫苗是这种病毒粒子的模拟物，当被注射到人的肌肉中时，它会产生比自然感染更多的抗体。
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "almost every person who is sexually active will get HPV at some time in their life if they don't get the HPV vaccine."
根据美国疾病控制和预防中心的报告指出，“几乎每一个性生活正常的人，如果他们没有接种HPV疫苗，在他们的生命中早晚会得到HPV。”
The vaccine needs to be given before a person is exposed to HPV. Its effectiveness in terms of preventing infections is well known -- 100% in some studies.
这个疫苗需要在人被感染HPV之前注射。它在预防感染方面的有效性是众所周知的——在一些研究中是100%。
In England, between 2010 and 2016, infections with HPV 16 and 18 fell 86% among women 16 to 21 who were eligible for the vaccine during this period, Public Health England found.
英国卫生部发现，在英国，2010至2016年间，HPV 16和18的感染率在16至21岁接受了疫苗注射的女性中下降了86%。
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