Art - Along the River During Qing Ming
Along the River During the Qingming Festival, also known by its Chinese name as the Qingming Shanghe Tu, is a painting by the Song dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan (1085–1145). 清明节时沿河而过，又名清明上河图，是宋代画家张泽端（1085—1145）的作品。It captures the daily life of people and the landscape of the capital, Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng) during the Northern Song. The theme is often said to celebrate the festive spirit and worldly commotion at the Qingming Festival, rather than the holiday's ceremonial aspects, such as tomb sweeping and prayers. 它捕捉了人们的日常生活和北宋时京城边京（今开封）的景观。人们常说，这个主题是为了庆祝清明节和世俗的喧闹，而不是为了庆祝清明节的扫墓和祈祷等仪式。 Successive scenes reveal the lifestyle of all levels of the society from rich to poor as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city and offer glimpses of period clothing and architecture. The painting is considered to be the most renowned work among all Chinese paintings, and it has been called "China's Mona Lisa." 连续的场景揭示了社会各阶层的生活，从富人到穷人，以及农村和城市的不同经济活动，并提供了当时的服装和建筑的特点。这幅画被认为是中国画中最著名的作品，它被称为“中国的蒙娜丽莎”。
As an artistic creation, the piece has been revered and court artists of subsequent dynasties made re-interpretive versions, each following the overall composition and the theme of the original but differing in details and technique. 作为一种艺术创作，这件作品受到了人们的崇敬，后朝的宫廷艺术家们对其进行了重新诠释，每一个版本都遵循了原作的整体构图和主题，但在细节和手法上有所不同。Over the centuries, the Qingming scroll was collected and kept among numerous private owners, before it eventually returned to public ownership. The painting was a particular favorite of Puyi, the Last Emperor, who took the Song dynasty original with him when he left Beijing. 几个世纪以来，清明上河图的画卷被收集并保存在众多的私人收藏者中，直到最后回归公家手中。这幅画是最后一位皇帝溥仪特别喜欢的，他离开北京时随身携带了宋朝的原作。It was re-purchased in 1945 and kept at the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City. The Song dynasty original and the Qing versions, in the Beijing and Taipei Palace Museums respectively, are regarded as national treasures and are exhibited only for brief periods every few years. 1945年重新购买，并保存在紫禁城故宫博物馆。在北京和台北故宫的博物馆中，宋代原版和清代版本分别被视为国宝，每隔几年才短暂展出一次。
The scroll is 25.5 centimetres (10.0 inches) in height and 5.25 meters (5.74 yards) long. In its length there are 814 humans, 28 boats, 60 animals, 30 buildings, 20 vehicles, 8 sedan chairs, and 170 trees. Only about twenty women appear in the Song dynasty original, and only women of low social rank are visible out of doors unless accompanied by men. 卷轴高25.5厘米（10.0英寸），长5.25米（5.74码）。在它的整幅画面中有814人，28艘船，60只动物，30座建筑物，20辆车，8把轿车，170棵树。在这幅宋代的画作原版中，只出现了大约20名女性，在户外，只有社会地位较低的女性才会出门，还得有男性陪同。
The countryside and the densely populated city are the two main sections in the picture, with the river meandering through the entire length. 图中的两个主要部分，农村和人口稠密的城市，河流蜿蜒流过整个长度。The right section is the rural area of the city. There are crop fields and unhurried rural folk—predominately farmers, goatherds, and pig herders—in bucolic scenery. 右边是农村地区。在田园风光中，主要是农民、牧羊人和养猪人。 A country path broadens into a road and joins with the city road. The left half is the urban area, which eventually leads into the city proper with the gates. 一条乡村小路变宽为一条公路，与城市道路相连。左半部分是城区，最终通过大门进入市区。 Many economic activities, such as people loading cargoes onto the boat, shops, and even a tax office, can be seen in this area. People from all walks of life are depicted: peddlers, jugglers, actors, paupers begging, monks asking for alms, fortune tellers and seers, doctors, innkeepers, teachers, millers, metalworkers, carpenters, masons, and official scholars from all ranks. 许多经济活动，如人们把货物装上船、商店，甚至税务局，都可以在这个地区看到。各行各业的人们被描绘成：小贩、杂耍者、演员、乞讨者、僧侣乞求施舍、算命者和预言者、医生、旅店老板、教师、磨坊工、金匠、木匠、泥瓦匠和来自各级的官方学者。
Outside the city proper (separated by the gate to the left), there are businesses of all kinds, selling wine, grain, secondhand goods, cookware, bows and arrows, lanterns, musical instruments, gold and silver, ornaments, dyed fabrics, paintings, medicine, needles, and artifacts, as well as many restaurants. The vendors (and in the Qing revision, the shops themselves) extend all along the great bridge, called the Rainbow Bridge (虹橋 Hong Qiao) or, more rarely, the Shangdu Bridge (上土橋). 城外有各种各样的生意，卖酒、粮食、旧货、炊具、弓箭、灯笼、乐器、金银、饰品、染色布、绘画、医药、针织品、手工艺品，还有许多餐馆。商贩（在清朝的修订版中，商铺本身）沿着被称为彩虹桥（虹桥）或更罕见的上都桥（上土桥）的大桥延伸。
Where the great bridge crosses the river is the center and main focus of the scroll. A great commotion animates the people on the bridge. A boat approaches at an awkward angle with its mast not completely lowered, threatening to crash into the bridge. 大桥过河的地方是卷轴的中心和主要焦点。一场巨大的骚动使桥上的人们活跃起来。一艘船以尴尬的角度靠近，桅杆没有完全降下，有可能撞到桥上。 The crowds on the bridge and along the riverside are shouting and gesturing toward the boat. Someone near the apex of the bridge lowers a rope to the outstretched arms of the crew below. 桥上和河边的人群都朝着船喊叫和示意。在桥的顶端附近有人把绳子降到下面船员伸出的手臂上。 In addition to the shops and diners, there are inns, temples, private residences, and official buildings varying in grandeur and style, from huts to mansions with grand front- and backyards. 除了商店和餐厅外，还有旅馆、寺庙、私人住宅和各种宏伟和风格各异的官邸，从小屋到有宏伟前院和后院的豪宅。
People and commodities are transported by various modes: wheeled wagons, beasts of labor (in particular, a large number of donkeys and mules), sedan chairs, and chariots. The river is packed with fishing boats and passenger-carrying ferries, with men at the river bank, pulling the larger ships. 人们和商品的运输方式多种多样：轮式货车、劳动牲畜（特别是大量的驴和骡子）、轿车和马车。河上挤满了渔船和载客渡船，人们在河岸边拉着大船。
Many of these details are roughly corroborated by Song dynasty writings, principally the Dongjing Meng Hua Lu, which describes many of the same features of life in the capital. 这些细节中的许多都是宋代文字的大致佐证，主要是《东经梦话录》，它描述了首都生活的许多相同特征。
In a rare move, the Song original was exhibited in Hong Kong from June 29 to mid-August 2007 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong's transfer to the People's Republic of China. 一个非常罕见的情况是，宋代的原件曾经在香港展出，从2007年的6月29日至8月中旬，以纪念香港回归中华人民共和国的十周年。It is estimated that the costs of shipping the painting ran into tens of millions of dollars in addition to an undisclosed cost of insuring this piece of priceless art. 据说，除了为这件无价艺术品投保金额未披露外，光是这幅画的运送成本就高达数千万美元。
From January 2–24, 2012, the painting was exhibited in the Tokyo National Museum as the centerpiece of a special exhibition to mark the 40th anniversary of normalized diplomatic relations between China and Japan, with the Japanese museum officials providing the "highest security standards" for the work. 2012年1月2日至24日，这幅画作为纪念中日建交40周年特别展览的中心展品在东京国家博物馆展出，日本博物馆官员为该作品提供了“最高安全标准”。
tomb sweeping 扫墓
scroll 画卷，卷轴
Palace Museum 故宫博物院
the Forbidden City 紫禁城
court artists 宫廷艺术家
fortune teller 算命先生
corroborated 被证实
centerpiece 中心摆件
security standards 安全标准
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