World Cities - Moscow 莫斯科
Even Muscovites don’t know many of the city’s secrets
即使是莫斯科人也不知道这个城市的许多秘密
1. The Kremlin used to look a lot different than it does nowHistorical pictures of the Moscow Kremlin’s “red” walls indicate that they used to be white, even as late as the end of the 19th century. In less prosperous days, the Kremlin was not the showpiece it is today. When the whitewash peeled off its brick walls, it was not immediately renovated with the striking red that everyone now associates with the seat of power in Russia, leaving a rather shabby edifice.莫斯科“红色”围墙的克里姆林宫的历史照片显示，围墙曾经是白色的，甚至一直延续到19世纪末。在过去不算繁荣的时期，克里姆林宫也并不像如现在这样是代表性的建筑。当白色从砖墙上剥落时，它并没有立即用现在人们都认为是俄罗斯权力所在地的醒目的红色进行翻新，呈现的是一组相当破旧的大厦。Likewise, the famous red stars atop the Kremlin towers were not always there, either. Right up until 1935, the Kremlin towers were each adorned with a double-headed eagle: the symbol of the Russian Empire. The symbols of the former regime were an eyesore to the leader of the Russian revolution, Vladimir Lenin, but they were not replaced during his lifetime. Incidentally, the Kremlin stars are always illuminated, and have been turned off only twice since being installed: during the WWII blackout and while filming The Barber of Siberia.同样，克里姆林宫塔楼上著名的红星也不是一直在那里。直到1935年，克里姆林宫的塔楼都装饰着一只双头鹰：那是俄罗斯帝国的象征。而前政权的象征是列宁所不喜欢的，但在他有生之年，这一象征并没有被取代。顺便说一句，克里姆林宫的星星总是亮着的，而且在安装之后只关闭了两次：在二战停电期间和拍摄西伯利亚理发师的时候。2. Red Square is the site of a cemeteryThe first mass cemetery near the Kremlin wall appeared in 1917, and the first single grave in 1919. In 1924, Lenin's Mausoleum became the focal point of the Red Square necropolis, where the embalmed corpse of the leader of the Russian revolution still lies to this day.克里姆林宫围墙附近的第一座集体墓地出现在1917年，第一座单人墓出现在1919年。1924年，列宁陵墓成为红场墓地的焦点，这位俄罗斯革命领导人的防腐尸体至今仍躺在那里。Many prominent figures, military leaders, and writers were buried next to the Kremlin Wall in the following years, but this era came to an end in 2013, when the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery was opened in Moscow Region. This is where Russia now lays its heroes to rest.随后几年，许多著名人物、军事领导人和作家被埋在克里姆林宫围墙旁，但这一做法到2013年停止了，当时莫斯科地区的联邦军事纪念公墓已经开放。这是俄罗斯现在让英雄们安息的地方。3. Flowing through the heart of Moscow is a river that most Muscovites have never seen3.流经莫斯科市中心的河流是大多数莫斯科人从未见过的The Neglinnaya River (a tributary of the Moskva) was a nuisance to residents of the capital until the 1860s: whenever it rained, Trubnaya Square and the streets Neglinny Proezd and Kuznetsky Most were totally flooded. In the end, city planners channelled the Neglinnaya into an underground tunnel, a modernized version of which still runs from Trubnaya Square to Okhotny Ryad.一直到19世纪60年代，内格林纳亚河（莫斯科河的一条支流）都是首都市民的麻烦事：每当下雨，特鲁布纳亚广场和Neglinny Proezd和Kuznetsky Most的街道都被完全淹没。最终，城市规划者们将内格林纳亚河引至一条地下隧道，它至今仍然从特鲁布纳亚广场一直延伸到Okhotny Ryad。4. Moscow consumes 33,000 tons of food per day...For comparison, this is the weight of 234 blue whales, the largest animals on the planet. Muscovites, it seems, require vast resources for daily survival. Collectively, they spend almost $12 million a day just filling up their cars and expend the equivalent of 100 Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pools a day on sanitation.相比之下，这是234头蓝鲸的重量，它们是地球上最大的动物。莫斯科人似乎需要大量的资源来维持日常生活。总的来说，他们一天花费将近1200万美元，仅仅是给他们的汽车加满油，每天花费相当于100个林肯纪念堂反射池的水来打扫卫生。5. The all-time record footfall for a McDonald’s restaurant belongs to a Moscow-based outlet5.麦当劳餐厅的创纪录的客流量属于莫斯科的一家分店When McDonald’s opened its first Russian restaurant on Moscow’s Pushkin Square on January 31, 1990, the line stretched for several miles. On that historic day, the restaurant served more than 30,000 people, a record that remains unbroken worldwide. It was also the chain’s most visited restaurant in 2008, feeding 2.8 million customers over the year.1990年1月31日，当麦当劳在莫斯科普希金广场开设第一家俄罗斯餐厅时，就餐队伍排了好几英里。在这具有历史意义的一天，这家餐厅接待了3万多人，这一世界记录一直未被打破。这也是2008年就餐人数最多的一间连锁店，全年接待了280万顾客。6. Moscow is home to a record number of dollar billionairesAccording to Forbes magazine, the world’s richest are constantly drawn to Moscow. In 2012, it even topped the list of cities with the largest number of permanently resident billionaires, leaving New York, London, and Hong Kong trailing behind. In 2017, Moscow slipped to third place in the ranking, housing just 73 billionaires.据《福布斯》杂志报道，世界上最富有的人经常被吸引到莫斯科。2012，它甚至超过了常住富人最多的城市名单，把纽约、伦敦和香港甩在身后。2017年，莫斯科排名下滑至第三位，仅有73位亿万富翁。Forbes puts this unusually high concentration of wealth in one city to a national quirk: almost all Russian billionaires prefer to live in Moscow rather than in the regions, while their U.S. counterparts find life in the provinces quite agreeable.《福布斯》将财富异常集中在一个城市的现象归咎于一个国家的怪癖：几乎所有的俄罗斯亿万富翁都喜欢住在莫斯科，而不喜欢住在自己的家乡，而他们的美国同类则觉得住在家乡没什么不好。7. Moscow has practically no “native Muscovites”Today, they account for no more than 5 percent of all residents, historians reckon. Sure, there is no official definition of the term “native Muscovite,” but they are generally considered to be people whose ancestors have lived in Moscow for several generations. Meanwhile, “native Muscovites” themselves sometimes argue about how many generations are required to be identified as such.历史学家估计，如今，本地人只占所有居民的5%。当然，官方并没有对“本土莫斯科人”的定义，但一般认为他们的祖先已经在莫斯科生活了好几代。与此同时，“本土莫斯科人”自己有时也会争论到底需要多少代人才能被认同。“Native Muscovites” are often said to have their own distinct pronunciation and speech patterns, and to be more at ease in society and proud of their Moscow roots, yet they still prefer to share accommodation with their parents even long into adulthood.人们常说，“土生土长的莫斯科人”有自己独特的发音和说话方式，他们在社会上更为安逸，也为自己的莫斯科根感到自豪，然而，即使到了成年，他们仍然更愿意与父母同住。8. Moscow dogs are not allowed to bark during the hours 11pm-7amThis rule is enacted in a Moscow Government resolution. It is not entirely clear how the law is enforced, since taking a dog owner to court requires an expert report confirming the excess level of noise, and this would mean the “expert” having to stay up all night with their ear to the neighbor’s door.这项规定是在莫斯科政府的一项决议中通过了的。目前还不完全清楚这项法律如何执行，因为把狗主人告上法庭需要一份专家报告来确认噪音的超标程度，这就意味着“专家”必须整夜不睡，要一直听着邻居的门。9. The Moscow Metro is the busiest and largest in Europe......and the sixth in the world by daily passenger traffic. Following the opening of seven new stations in September 2018, the Moscow Metro now counts 222 operating stations, many of which are genuine works of art. In view of its huge scale and rich history, the Moscow Metro has spawned numerous urban legends.也是每日客运量在世界排第六位的城市。继2018年9月开通7个新车站后，莫斯科地铁目前共有222个运营车站，而其中许多车站是如假包换的艺术品。鉴于其庞大的规模和丰富的历史，莫斯科地铁已经孕育了无数的城市传奇故事。
莫斯科，我们为您推荐的影片是我非常喜欢的动作片 "The Bourne Supremacy"谍影重重2，这是一部2004年的好莱坞大片，由我非常喜爱的演员Matt Mamon所主演的系列谍战片之一。showpiece 代表性，典范
edifice 大厦
Mausoleum 陵园
necropolis 墓地
Muscovites 莫斯科人
footfall 客流量
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十二月份，Metro English的主题是World Cities - 说一说你此生注定要去的那些城市吧。说不定，你可以就此找到你的人生目的地。
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