Metro English-319 - Salar de Uyuni 乌尤尼盐湖​

Salar de Uyuni，Bolivia

乌尤尼盐湖

Salar de Uyuni  is the world's largest salt flat, at over 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi) in area. It is in the Daniel Campos Province in Potosí in southwest Bolivia, near the crest of the Andes at an elevation of 3,656 meters (11,995 ft) above sea level.

乌尤尼盐湖是世界上最大的盐田，面积超过10000平方公里（3900平方英里）。它位于玻利维亚西南部波托西的丹尼尔坎波斯省，靠近安第斯山脉的一座山峰，海拔3656米（11995英尺）。

The Salar was formed as a result of transformations between several prehistoric lakes. It is covered by a few meters of salt crust, which has an extraordinary flatness with the average elevation variations within one meter over the entire area of the Salar. The crust serves as a source of salt and covers a pool of brine, which is exceptionally rich in lithium. It contains 50% to 70% of the world's known lithium reserves according to a 2009 Foreign Policy article by Joshua Keating. The large area, clear skies, and exceptional flatness of the surface make the Salar ideal for calibrating the altimeters of Earth observation satellites. Following rain, a thin layer of dead calm water transforms the flat into the world's largest mirror, 129 kilometers (80 miles) across.

盐湖是由几个史前湖泊相互转化而成的。它被几米厚的盐壳所覆盖，其平坦度非常高，整个盐湖地区的平均海拔变化在一米以内。地壳是盐的来源，它覆盖着一层盐卤池，卤水中锂含量异常丰富。根据乔舒亚·基廷2009年的一篇外交政策文章，它包含了全球已知锂储量的50%至70%。大面积、晴朗的天空和异常平坦的表面使盐湖成为校准地球观测卫星高度计的理想选择。雨后，一层薄薄的寂静的水面将这片平地变成了世界上最大的镜子，直径129公里（80英里）。

The Salar serves as the major transport route across the Bolivian Altiplano and is a prime breeding ground for several species of flamingos. Salar de Uyuni is also a climatological transitional zone since the towering tropical cumulus congestus and cumulonimbus incus clouds that form in the eastern part of the salt flat during the summer cannot permeate beyond its drier western edges, near the Chilean border and the Atacama Desert.

盐湖是玻利维亚高原的主要运输路线，也是几种火烈鸟的主要繁殖地。乌尤尼盐湖也是一个气候过渡带，因为夏季在盐滩东部形成的高耸热带积云和积雨云无法扩散到靠近智利边界和阿塔卡马沙漠的干燥西部边缘。

Salar has been used as a filming location for movies such as Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017; as planet Crait), The Fall (2006), Salt and Fire (2016), The Unseen (2017), and several others.

盐湖曾被用作电影的拍摄地点，如《星球大战：最后的绝地》（2017年；作为克雷特星球出现）、《秋天》（2006年）、《盐与火》（2016年）、《看不见的》（2017年）等电影的拍摄地。

crust 硬壳

brine  盐卤

calibrating 校准

cumulus congestus 浓积云

cumulonimbus incus clouds 积雨云

permeate 扩散，渗透

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