英语语法简单学：be动词

【上期回顾】

英语语法简单学：系动词

【本期内容】

一、内容纲要

二、内容简述

（一）定义

英语中的be动词，主要有两种用法：一是用作系动词，二是用作助动词。

be动词的形式会受主语的单复数的变化而变化，而且也有各种时态变化，其变化形式主要包括：

一般式：am, is, are，如“He is a student.”或“I am from France.”。

过去式：was, were，如“She was at the office then.”或“We were very happy at the party last night.”。

进行式：being，如“It is being repaired by my father.”或“The rooms are being cleaned by the children at the moment.”。

完成式：been，如“They have been there twice.”或“She has been working for three hours.”。

（二）系动词be

当be动词用作系动词时，主要用来表示主语所处的状态，所以此时也被称作状态系动词。其后常接名词、形容词或短语，用作表语，构成系表结构，用作句子的谓语。如：

She is very happy today. （她今天非常开心。）

He has been a teacher for ten years. （他已经教了十年书了。）

We were at the airport last night. （我们昨晚在机场。）

They are very proud of their daughter. （他们对自己女儿感到很是骄傲。）

I was in the library this morning. （今早我在图书馆。）

It was a sunny day last Saturday. （上周六是个晴朗的日子。）

（三）助动词be

当be动词用作助动词时，主要是用来构成各种进行时和被动语态，如：

现在进行时：He is reading a novel in the bedroom now. （他现在正在卧室里看小说）/ They are playing volleyball on the playground at the moment. （他们此刻正在操场上打排球。）/ I am working in the garden now. （我现在正在花园里干活。）

过去进行时：They were playing football at the gym this time yesterday. （他们昨天这个时候在体育馆里踢足球。）/ He was selling his old furniture the whole afternoon last Friday. （他上周五整个下午都在卖旧家具。）/ We were having a meeting in the office then. （当时我们在办公室开会。）

被动语态：They will be sent to prison next week. （他们下周会被送进监狱。） / She was asked to go there on foot just now. （她刚才被要求走路去那儿。）/ The machine is beiing repaired by the mechanic at the moment. （此刻机器正由机修师修着呢。）/ The house has been sold at a price of 50,000 dollars. 这座房子已经以五万美元被出售了。

（四）其他用法

be动词有时可以用来引导祈使句，如：

Be cool! （保持冷静）

Be a man! （像个男人一样！）

Please be quiet! （请安静！）

Don't be silly! （别傻了！）

Be kind to the old please! （请对老人好些！）

【注意】

此时，其句首有时还可以加上助动词do，来表强调，如：

Do be careful!

一定要小心啊！

Do be yourself!

千万要做自己！

（五）be的缩写

be动词只有一般式存在缩写形式，即：am - 'm, is - 's, are - 're。如：

I'm not a nurse. （我不是护士。）

He's in bed now. （他现在卧床不起。）

They're from Canada. （他们来自加拿大。）

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