171.Primary retroperitoneal teratoma（原发性腹膜后畸胎瘤）

每天朗读一段医学影像学英语文章

Primary retroperitoneal teratomas are rare entities that represent <12% of all primary retroperitoneal tumors. In addition, <20% of these lesions occur in adults. 

原发性腹膜后畸胎瘤在腹膜后肿瘤中较罕见，约占小于12%。此外在成年人中的发病率小于20%。

Primary retroperitoneal teratomas develop from germ cells that fail to migrate to their normal gonadal location. Once formed, these lesions may be solid or cystic and commonly contain mature tissues (i.e., teeth, skin, fat, cartilage, bone). 

原发性腹膜后畸胎瘤起源于生殖细胞，其未能迁移至正常的性腺位置。病变一旦形成，可能为实性，也可能为囊性。病灶中常常包含有成熟组织（比如：牙齿、皮肤、脂肪、软骨、骨骼）。

Primary retroperitoneal teratomas can be benign or malignant, and the malignant type more commonly affects adults. On CT, teratomas are usually heterogeneous, well-defined, solid, or multiloculated cystic lesions that may contain calcifications, bony elements, teeth, protein, and fat. A fat-fluid level with nondependent fat layer is virtually pathognomonic of a teratoma. 

原发性腹膜后畸胎瘤可为良性也可为恶行，恶性常为成年人受累。在CT检查中，畸胎瘤密度通常不均匀，病灶边界清楚，呈实性或多房囊性，其内含钙化、骨组织、牙齿、蛋白质和脂肪成分。未沉降的脂肪层可形成脂-液平，是畸胎瘤的特征性表现。

Imaging is helpful for surgical planning, especially anatomical relationships with adjacent abdominal viscera. Laboratory values can be helpful as alpha-fetoprotein levels are normal in the benign type and can be elevated in the malignant type. Benign lesions have an excellent prognosis if surgically excised, whereas malignant lesions frequently recur with <2 years survival after surgery.

影像检查有助于制定手术计划，特别是能够看清腹部相邻脏器间的解剖关系。实验室检查也有帮助，比如甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平正常，多提示良性，若升高，多提示恶性可能。良性畸胎瘤手术切除预后良好，但恶性则常在手术后两年内复发。

 FROM：

https://radiologykey.com/genitourinary-radiology/

Notes:

1. retroperitoneal [ˌretroʊˌperɪtn'i:əl] adj. 腹膜后的

2. teratoma [ˌterə'toʊmə] n. 畸胎瘤

3. germ [dʒɜ:rm] n.微生物; [生] 幼芽

    germ cell 生殖细胞

4. gonadal ['gɒnædl] 性腺

5. multiloculated [mʌltaɪ'loʊkjʊleɪtɪd] 多房的，多腔的

6. calcification [ˌkælsɪfɪ'keɪʃn] n. 钙化

7. pathognomonic [pəˌθɒgnə'mɒnɪk] adj. 特殊（病征）的，特定的，（病征）能确定诊断的

8. anatomical [ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl] adj. 结构（上）的，解剖的

9. viscera [ˈvɪsərə] n. 脏器

10. alpha-fetoprotein  ['ælfəfet'ɒproʊti:n] AFP 甲胎蛋白，甲种胎儿球蛋白

来源：每天朗读一段医学影像学英语文章

圈主

深圳市人民医院放射科副主任医师杨敏洁

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