机器翻译字幕,仅供参考:
we're going to cover the anatomy of ct
我们将介绍 ct 扫描的解剖结构
scans and do an introduction
并进行介绍
and we're going to answer the questions
,我们将回答以下问题:
what is the ct image
什么是 ct 图像
how is it obtained and what way is the
,它是如何获得的,以什么方式呈现的
information presented
信息
and what appears bright dark and gray in
,以及在 ct 中呈现出的亮暗和灰色
a ct hello everyone my name is dr morton
大家好,我的名字是 morton 博士
and
,
i'm the noted anatomist so this is going
我是著名的解剖学家,所以这
to be
将是
from the perspective of an anatomist and
从解剖学家的角度来看,
so i'm not a radiologist and i'm not a
所以我不是放射科医生,我不是
clinician so this is not meant to be as
临床医生,所以这并不意味着
a
diagnostic resource or a resource for
诊断资源或
the way radiologists look at axial ct
放射科医生查看轴向 ct 图像方式的资源,
images
it's meant to show the major thoracic
它旨在显示轴向 ct 扫描中的主要胸部
and anatomic structures
和解剖结构
in axial ct scans from
,
so the way you usually see it as an
因此您通常将其视为
anatomy like bones like that but now
类似骨骼的解剖结构,但现在
you're going to be looking at it through
您要 通过 ct 图像查看它,
ct images so it's a resource to help
因此它是一种资源,可以帮助
students learn anatomy
学生
through ct imaging and to help you get
通过 ct 成像学习解剖学,并帮助您使
your radiology eyes
放射学的眼睛
all right so what's a ct scan how is it
一切正常 那么什么是 ct 扫描 它是如何
obtained a ct scanner projects
获得的 ct 扫描仪
x-rays in a circular motion with
以圆周运动投射 X 射线
detectors on the opposite side of the
op上的探测器 在身体的另一侧,
body so here's a ct scanner and a
所以这里有一台 ct 扫描
patient lies on his or her back
仪,病人仰卧
and then that table moves them head
,然后这张桌子将他们的头部
first through that circle
首先移动通过
where these x-rays project and detectors
这些 X 射线投射的圆圈,然后探测器
pick it up
after the x-rays go through the body on
在 X 射线穿过身体后将其拾取
the side view here's a patient on that
在侧视图上,那张桌子上有一个病人
table and that yellow line represents
,那条黄线代表
those
that beam of x-rays and the table moves
那些 X 射线束,桌子移动
and those beam of x-rays go through
,那些 X 射线束穿过
and then there's the received those
,然后接收到那些
x-rays are received on the other side
X 射线在另一侧接收
after
gone through the body after they have
穿过身体 穿过身体之后
gone through the body
how's the information usually presented
通常呈现的信息是怎样的
body tissue slices are mathematically
身体组织切片经过数学
reconstructed
重建
and then displayed on grayscale matrix
,然后显示在这样的灰度矩阵上,
like
this so there's the axial plane coronal
所以轴向平面冠状
and sagittal planes
面和矢状面
all on a gray scale matrix so let's talk
都在灰度矩阵上所以让我们
about each of these planes an axial
谈谈 这些平面中的每一个都是一个轴向
plane
平面,
it's a horizontal line that divides
它是一条水平线,将
structures into superior and
结构分为上等
inferior parts like this and now i'm
部分和下等部分,现在我
going to do a little bit of a tangent
要做一点切线,
because in cross sections
因为在 横截面
anatomists view cross sections from head
解剖学家像这样从头到脚查看横截面
to foot
like this and that's how the image is
,这就是图像通常
often presented
in contrast radiologists view cross
在对比中呈现的方式放射科医生
sections from foot to head like this and
像这样查看从脚到头的横截面,
that's what the image looks like so we
这就是图像的样子,所以我们
put them beside each other
将它们放在一起
you'll notice that the back of an
你会注意到
anatomy cross section is at the top of
解剖横截面的背面位于图像的顶部,
the image
and the back of a axial section of
而 X 射线照片的轴向剖面的背面
radiographs were at the bottom
位于底部
wow anonymous and radiologists should
哇匿名 放射科医生应该
have got a
like some type of a spot of tea in the
在 70 年代得到类似的某种茶点
70s
and said you know we got to make sure we
并说你 知道我们必须确保我们
don't do what we did with like
不会像
left and right sides of the roads with
道路的左侧和右侧
like cross sections and they did
那样的横截面那样做我们所做的事情,他们做到了
and we're stuck with it so the take home
,我们被困住了,所以在
messages in
axial ct cross sections this is how
轴向 ct 横截面中带回家的信息就是这样
they're always viewed
他们总是被
the back is always on the bottom the
观察 背部总是在底部
posterior and that's the spinous process
后部,这
that helps me see
是帮助我看到的棘突,
whereas the top of an image is anterior
而图像的顶部是前部
that's the sternum
,即胸骨
and you're always viewing axial cts or
,当你看到轴向 cts 或
mris when that happens from foot to head
mris 时 从脚到头,
so you're looking
所以你在
at the feet or from the foot of the
看脚或从
patient up which means that's right and
病人的脚向上看,这意味着它是对的,
that's left and if you ever forget it
那个是左的,如果你忘记了它
shake introduce yourself to the patient
摇晃 向病人介绍你自己
and shake their hands you take your
并和他们握手,你拿你的
right hand
右手
and take their right hand and you go hey
然后 拿起他们的右手,然后你走,嘿
how are you doing nice to meet you your
,见到你,你好吗?你的
right hand always goes over to their
右手总是伸到他们的
right
右边,
so there it is anterior posterior right
所以它是前后
and left
左右,
so the axial plane these are showing
所以轴向平面这些显示
different
不同,
uh in the actual plane these are
呃在实际平面上这些是
different sections in the axial plane
不同的 轴向平面中的截面
going
down down down it's really cool to see
向下 向下
the anatomy in these different views
在这些不同的视图中看到解剖结构真的很酷
a coronal plane is a longitudinal line
冠状平面是一条纵向线
that divides a structure into anterior
,将结构分为前部
and posterior parts like this
和后部,就像这样
and then you view it and so here it is
,然后你查看它,所以它
in a coronal plane as if your nose to
在 冠状平面就像您
nose with the patient in this image
在这张图片中与患者的鼻子对鼻子一样
superior inferior right and left
上上下下 左右
and as we move through this series of
,当我们通过这一系列
sections you get an idea of
部分时,您会了解
you can see really cool anatomy going
您可以看到非常酷的解剖结构 现在
from front to back
从前到后,
now a sagittal plane is a longitudinal
矢状面是一条纵向
line that divides a structure into left
线,将结构分为
and right parts like this
左右两部分
and then you view the sagittal plane and
,然后您查看矢状面,
so this is now showing the superior and
因此现在显示上、
inferior
下
anterior and posterior and we're now
前部和后部,我们现在
going through this image in a sagittal
开始 通过矢状面的这张图像,
plane and again you see the same
你再次看到相同的
thoracic anatomy
胸部解剖结构,
except you see in this case thoracic
除了在这种情况下,你
anatomy in a really cool different view
在一个非常酷的不同视图中看到胸部解剖结构
and so i keep saying so it's really
,所以我一直说,这真的很
annoying i'd probably get really annoyed
烦人,
if i keep hearing that
如果我一直听到这个,我可能会很生气
and therefore you'll whatever
因此,
ctm the data sets show ct images in
无论数据集在
axial
轴向
coronal and sagittal planes and there's
冠状面和矢状面显示 ct 图像,您都
also another thing called volume
rendering that
that computers can do and radiologists
可以使用计算机可以做的另一件事,放射科医生可以做的
do is they take and slurp up
就是体积渲染,他们可以获取并吞下
all this data and you can make a
所有这些数据,然后您可以制作
three-dimensional volume rendering of
三个 - 数据的三维体积
the data it's very cool but i'm just
渲染非常酷,但我
going to focus on the three
只关注三个
major sections what is bright dark and
主要部分,什么是 ct 中的亮暗和
gray in
灰色,
a ct so i was about to say so again but
所以我正要再说一遍 b 但是
i didn't
我
the scanner emits x-rays towards the
没有扫描仪从各个角度向患者发射 X 射线,
patient from various angles
so that yellow line is the x-ray and the
因此黄线是 X 射线,
detectors
探测器
measure the difference between x-rays
测量被身体吸收的 X 射线之间的差异,
that are absorbed by the body
dense things like bones and x-rays
如骨骼和 X 射线等致密物质
completely transmitted through the body
完全通过身体传播,
like what happens when x-rays go through
就像 X 射线穿过空气时发生的那样
air
and then the data is brought and so what
,然后带来数据,所以
we see is that there is a
我们看到的是
bright area when there's high density
当密度高时有一个明亮的区域,
they call high attenuation( /əˌtenjuˈeɪʃn/)
他们称之为高衰减,
so bone so there's the sternum in the
所以骨骼所以
ribs and the vertebra
肋骨中有胸骨 并且椎骨
bright they're white high attenuation
明亮它们是白色的高衰减
high density so the whiter it is the
高密度所以它越白它
more dense it is
越密集
and also high density could be there
并且
because of a contrast that injected so
由于注入的对比度也可能存在高密度所以
here is a ct scanner
这里是一个CT扫描仪
and there is some an intravenous line
并且有一些静脉注射线
that's providing a contrast into the
正在提供 与血流形成对比
bloodstream to make the blood
以使血液变
bright here's an axial ct scan
亮 这是对患有肺栓塞的人的轴向 ct 扫描
of someone who has a pulmonary embolism
notice that the pulmonary
artery that should be just a vessel is
注意应该只是血管
the same density as a bone
的肺动脉与骨骼密度相同
because of the contrast also there's a
使用对比 还有
superior vena cava with contrast
上腔静脉 对比
azagus vein without contrast
azagus 静脉 没有对比
black shows low density or low
黑色显示低密度或低
attenuation so this is like air so
衰减 所以这就像空气 所以
there's the right lung it's black
有右肺 它是黑色的
because
因为
it has low attenuation there's no
它有低衰减 它没有
density to it you'll notice the circle
密度 你会注意到 圆圈
when i see a cert this
当我看到一个证书
exact same uh exact
完全相同的 呃 完全相同的
same brightness or darkness they're
亮度或黑暗 在这种情况下它们
usually the same
通常是相同的
thing in this case that's air that's
东西 那是空气 那是
your trachea your windpipe
你的气管 你的
the different shades of gray insert joke
气管 这里不同深浅的灰色插入
here shows
笑话显示
different or varying degrees of density
不同或不同程度的密度
and attenuation
和衰减
so fat that's shown there in the
所以
subcutaneous tissue
皮下组织
has a lower attenuation than say this
中显示的脂肪比说胸大肌的衰减要低一些,
pectoralis (/'pektərəlɪs/)major muscle which is a
胸大肌的
little bit more dense but not as dense
密度稍高,但不如骨头那么密集
as bone okay there's some other the
paraspinal muscles 椎旁肌
i want to give just one suggestion to
have an anatomy book or atlas handy as
或 atlas 在
you study these axial ct scans or any
您研究这些轴向 ct 扫描或任何
type of sectional imaging
类型的断层成像时很方便,
because if you've got this book and you
因为如果您有这本书并且
can place it right beside you it makes
可以正确放置 在你身边,
it easier if you point and say i want to
如果你指着说我
see this
想看这个
aortic arch and then you find the aortic
主动脉弓,然后你找到主动脉
arch and so you're able to follow that
弓,这样你就可以在跟随
aortic arch with your finger
主动脉弓的同时用手指
at the same time you're following the
跟随那个
aortic arch in the axial
主动脉弓 在轴向
ct and it helps you put the anatomy
ct 中,它可以帮助您将解剖结构
together
放在一起,
okay so that my friends is showing
这样我的朋友们就可以简单地展示
the anatomy of ct scans in a nutshell 简要地说
ct 扫描的解剖结构
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