Surgical masks as source of bacterial contamination during operative procedures
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Abstract
Background
Surgical masks (SMs) are used to reduce bacterial shedding from the mouth, nose and face. This study aimed to investigate whether SMs may be a potential source of bacterial shedding leading to an increased risk of surgical site infection.
Methods
Bacterial contamination of the SMs was tested by making an impression of the external surface of the mask on sterile culture media immediately. We investigated the difference in bacterial counts between the SMs worn by surgeons and those placed unused in the operating room (OR), and the bacterial count variation with indicated wearing time. Moreover, the difference in bacterial counts on the external surface between the first and second layers of double-layered SMs was also assessed.
Results
The bacterial count on the surface of SMs increased with extended operating times; significant difference was found between the 4- to 6-hour and 0-hour groups (p < 0.05). When we analysed the bacterial counts from the same surgeon, a significant increase was noted in the 2-hours group. Moreover, the bacterial counts were significantly higher among the surgeons than the OR. Additionally, the bacterial count of the external surface of the second mask was significantly higher than that of the first one.
Conclusions
The source of bacterial contamination in SMs was the body surface of the surgeons rather than the OR environment. Moreover, we recommend that surgeons should change the mask after each operation, especially those beyond 2 hours. Double-layered SMs or those with excellent filtration function may also be a better alternative.
The translational potential of this article
This study provides strong evidence for the identification that SMs as source of bacterial contamination during operative procedures, which should be a cause for alarm and attention in the prevention of surgical site infection in clinical practice.
重点词汇汇总：
shed/ʃed/n. 小屋，棚；分水岭vt. 流出；摆脱；散发；倾吐vi. 流出；脱落；散布
sterile culture media 无菌培养基/ˈsterəl/adj. 不育的；无菌的；贫瘠的；不毛的；枯燥乏味的
extend /ɪkˈstend/vt. 延伸；扩大；推广；伸出；给予；使竭尽全力；对…估价vi. 延伸；扩大；伸展；使疏开
The source of bacterial contamination in SMs was the body surface of the surgeons rather than the OR environment.细菌污染的来源是外科医生的体表，而不是环境。
filtration/fɪlˈtreɪʃn/n. 过滤；筛选
alternative./ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/adj. 供选择的；选择性的；交替的n. 二中择一；供替代的选择
百度翻译：
外科口罩是手术过程中细菌污染的来源
摘要
背景
外科口罩（SMs）用于减少口腔、鼻子和面部的细菌脱落。这项研究的目的是调查短信是否可能是导致手术部位感染风险增加的细菌脱落的潜在来源。
方法
立即在无菌培养基上印出口罩外表面，检测口罩的细菌污染情况。我们调查了外科医生佩戴的口罩与手术室未使用的口罩（OR）之间的细菌计数差异，以及细菌计数随指定佩戴时间的变化。此外，还评估了双层口罩的第一层和第二层在外表面细菌计数上的差异。
结果
随着手术时间的延长，口罩表面细菌数增多，4～6小时组与0小时组比较差异有显著性（p<0.05）。当我们分析同一位外科医生的细菌计数时，发现2小时组的细菌计数显著增加。此外，外科医生的细菌计数明显高于手术室。另外，第二个口罩的外表面细菌数明显高于第一个口罩。
结论
口罩系统中的细菌污染源是外科医生的体表，而不是手术环境。此外，我们建议外科医生在每次手术后更换口罩，尤其是超过2小时的。双层口罩或具有良好过滤功能的口罩也可能是更好的选择。
本文的转化潜力
本研究为确定口罩是手术过程中细菌污染源提供了有力的证据，在临床预防手术部位感染中应引起警惕和重视。
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