COMPLICATIONS OF RADIO-CARPAL FRACTURES
Associated injuries of the carpus Injuries of the carpus are easily overlooked while attention is focussed on the radius. Carpal injuries must be excluded by careful clinical and x-ray examination, occasionally supplemented by MRI or arthroscopy.
Re-displacement There is a strong tendency for Barton’s fracture to re-displace if it is held in a cast; hence our preference for internal fixation.
Carpal instability The patient may present years later with chronic carpal instability. The wrist injury may have been overlooked at the time.
Secondary osteoarthritis Fractures into the joint and carpal instability may eventually lead to secondary osteoarthritis. It is difficult to predict when (or even whether) this is likely to occur; symptoms develop slowly and disability is often not severe. Warning symptoms are restricted wrist movement and loss of grip strength. If pain and weakness interfere significantly with function, arthrodesis of the wrist may be need, especially if it is the dominant side which is affected.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
supplement/ˈsʌplɪmənt/n. 增补（物）；补品；增刊；（书籍的）附录；额外服务费用；补角v. 增补，补充
辅助
hence our preference for internal fixation因此我们选择内固定 grip
grip /ɡrɪp/n. 紧握；柄；支配；握拍方式；拍柄绷带vt. 紧握；夹紧vi. 抓住
arthrodesis 关节融合 /ɑ:'θrɔdəsis/n. [外科] 关节固定术
dominant side优势侧
百度翻译：
桡腕骨折的并发症
腕关节的相关损伤当注意力集中在桡骨上时，腕关节的损伤很容易被忽视。腕关节损伤必须通过仔细的临床和x光检查排除，偶尔辅以MRI或关节镜检查。
再移位巴顿骨折如果固定在石膏中，有很强的再移位倾向，因此我们更倾向于内固定。
腕关节不稳患者可能在数年后出现慢性腕关节不稳。手腕受伤可能当时被忽略了。
继发性骨关节炎骨折进入关节和腕关节不稳最终可能导致继发性关节炎。很难预测这种情况何时（甚至是否）发生；症状发展缓慢，残疾通常不严重。警告症状是手腕运动受限和握力丧失。如果疼痛和虚弱严重影响功能，则可能需要进行腕关节融合术，尤其是在受影响的优势侧。
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