文章导读
本文选自《经济学人》11月28日刊文章。随着在线贷款和小额贷在中国的普及，债务违约情况越来越严重，在2015年至2019年期间，中国的家庭债务存量增加了约4.6万亿美元，接近美国人在2007-09年全球金融危机前类似时期累积的5.1万亿美元。个人债务违约又催生了讨债机构，讨债过程中出现各种违法、侵犯人权的行为。深圳已经出台个人破产法，但该法案可以约束银行，但是很难控制根本祸端——在线贷款机构和小额贷款公司。
选文精讲
Overdue action 迟来的行动
Bad debts in China 中国的坏账
Debt collection, Chinese style 中国式讨债
Nov 28th 2020 | HONG KONG
DEBT-COLLECTION videos have become a popular subgenre on Chinese clip-sharing platforms. Many feature young men deftly fielding phone calls from aggressive collectors. Some portray the abuses—hair pulling, slapping—that have come to define a business that has long gone largely unregulated in China. The result has been a Wild West for collections. Debt collectors sometimes impersonate police officers; the details of debtors’ friends and family are sold so that they can be harassed. A swift rise in personal debt, though, is forcing regulators to act.
impersonate：模仿、扮演
在中国短视频分享平台上，讨债视频已经成为一种流行的主题，许多短视频中的年轻人巧妙地回应气势汹汹的债主电话，一些视频还描述了粗暴行为——揪头发、打耳光——在中国，这些行为已经成为长期以来基本不受监管的行业的特征，这导致的结果是西部荒野式的收债。收债人有时会冒充警察，借债人的朋友和家人的信息被出售，所以他们也会受到骚扰。然而，个人债务的迅速增长正迫使监管机构采取行动。
Between 2015 and 2019 the stock of household debt in China rose by about $4.6trn, close to the $5.1trn accrued by Americans over a similar period before the global financial crisis of 2007-09, according to data from Rhodium Group, a consulting firm. The outstanding balance of delinquent consumer receivables could reach nearly 3.3trn yuan ($500bn) next year, up from just 1trn yuan in 2015, reckons iResearch, another consultancy.
accrue: 产生、积累
outstanding balance: 待结款项、未支付款项
delinquent: 拖欠债务的
receivables: 应收款项
咨询公司荣鼎咨询的数据显示，在2015年至2019年期间，中国的家庭债务存量增加了约4.6万亿美元，接近美国人在2007-09年全球金融危机前类似时期累积的5.1万亿美元。另一家咨询公司艾瑞咨询估计，有债务的消费者应收账款拖欠额度明年将接近3.3万亿元(5000亿美元)，而2015年只有1万亿元。
In June the southern city of Shenzhen drafted the country’s first personal bankruptcy law. Courts routinely heard disputes between lenders and borrowers, but allowed only creditors to file suits. The new law, to be rolled out next year, will offer debtors more protection against creditors. A few other cities are conducting similar experiments, though “these reforms are still very limited,” says Li Jiao of Buren, a law firm.
hear: 这里是“审理”的意思
file a suit: 提起诉讼
今年6月，南方城市深圳起草了中国第一部个人破产法。法院通常会审理贷款者和借款者之间的纠纷，但只允许债权人提起诉讼。将于明年推出的新法律将为债务人提供更多的保护，使其免受债权人的侵害。其他几个城市也在进行类似的试验，尽管“这些改革仍非常有限”，Buren律师事务所的李姣表示。
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