专题13 宾语从句和定语从句
考点1 宾语从句
1．（2022·天津·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________?
—It’s about 6,300 kilometres long.
A．how wide is the Changjiang River B．how wide the Changjiang River is
C．how long is the Changjiang River D．how long the Changjiang River is
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我长江有多长吗？——它长约6300公里。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除A、C；根据“It’s about 6,300 kilometres long”可知上文询问长度，用how long引导宾语从句。故选D。
2．（2022·新疆·中考真题）—I wonder ________.
—Yes, it tastes really nice.
A．who likes eating zongzi
B．where we can buy this kind of zongzi
C．how much we should pay for this kind of zongzi
D．if Jiaxing zongzi is delicious
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——我想知道嘉兴粽子好吃吗？——是的，味道很好。
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，是宾语从句；根据“Yes, it tastes really nice.”可知，上句应该是询问食物是否好吃；故选D。
3．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）— Could you please tell me ________ when they meet for the first time in China?
— They usually shake hands.
A．what do people usually do B．what people usually do
C．where do people usually go D．where people usually go
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我人们在中国第一次见面时通常会做什么吗？——他们通常握手。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“They usually shake hands”可知上文询问第一次见面做什么，用what引导宾语从句。故选B。
4．（2022·云南·中考真题）— Your stamps are so fantastic. Could you please tell me ________?
— Oh, I bought them in the post office next to the bank.
A．why did you buy them B．where did you buy them
C．why you bought them D．where you bought them
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你的邮票太棒了。 你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——哦，我在银行旁边的邮局买的。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A和B选项。根据答语“I bought them in the post office next to the bank”可知，询问在哪里买的，用where引导宾语从句，故选D。
5．（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）—Nancy, do you know ________?
—In 1957, I think.
A．who wrote the play Teahouse B．what the play Teahouse is about
C．when the play Teahouse was written D．why Lao She wrote the play Teahouse
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——Nancy，你知道话剧《茶馆》是什么时候写的吗？——我认为是在1957年。
考查宾语从句。who wrote the play Teahouse谁写的话剧《茶馆》；what the play Teahouse is about话剧《茶馆》是关于什么的；when the play Teahouse was written话剧《茶馆》是什么时候写的；why Lao She wrote the play Teahouse老舍为什么写话剧《茶馆》。根据答语“In 1957”可知，应用when引导宾语从句，故选C。
6．（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）—Can you tell me ________?
—Yes, In the language center.
A．where will the speech competition be held B．where the speech competition will be held
C．when will the speech competition be held D．when the speech competition will be held
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我演讲比赛将在哪里举行吗？——是的，在语言中心。
考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AC；再由“Yes, In the language center.”可知问地点，用where引导宾语从句，排除D。故选B。
7．（2022·重庆B卷·中考真题）—Excuse me, do you know ________?
—Yes. Next Friday.
A．when will the volunteers come back
B．when the volunteers will come back
C．how will the volunteers come back
D．how the volunteers will come back
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——打扰一下，你知道志愿者什么时候回来吗？——知道。下星期五。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据答语“Next Friday.”可知，对时间提问，故选B。
8．（2022·甘肃武威·中考真题）I wonder ________ .
A．that April is the hottest month in Thailand B．do you know where I can buy some medicine
C．whether June is a good time to visit Gansu D．how can I improve my pronunciation
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：我想知道六月是不是去甘肃旅游的好时机。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除B/D选项；结合“I wonder”可知，从句应该是问一个问题，而that是引导陈述句，排除A选项，故选C。
9．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Can you tell me ________?
—To get practical skills.
A．what do you learn about safety B．when do you have the art festival
C．how you balance your studies and hobbies D．why you learn cooking at school
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我你为什么在学校学烹饪吗？——为了获得实用技能。
考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AB；再由“To get practical skills”可知此处询问做某事的原因，用why引导的宾语从句。故选D。
10．（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）—Do you know _______?
—She is a teacher.
A．What is Linda’s job B．What Linda’s job is C．What was Linda’s job
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你知道琳达的工作是什么吗？——她是一名教师。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A/C选项，主句是一般现在时，从句时态不受限制，结合回答可知，询问现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故选B。
11．（2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题）They wonder _______.
A．if robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years
B．if will robots think like a human in 25 to 50 years
C．when robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意：他们想知道是否在25到50年之后机器人会像人一样思考。
考查宾语从句。动词“wonder”后是宾语从句，是陈述句的语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语动词”。B的语序错误。根据“wonder”可知宾语从句表达的含义不确定，用“if”引导从句。A选项“if robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years”，表达“是否在25到50年之后机器人会像人一样思考”，符合题意。故选A。
12．（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________?
—You can take No. 2 Bus.
A．when was the nearest hospital built B．how can I get to the nearest hospital
C．when the nearest hospital was built D．how I can get to the nearest hospital
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我怎么去最近的医院吗？——你可以坐2路公共汽车。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除选项A、B；根据“You can take No. 2 Bus.”可知，此处询问交通方式，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。
13．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Jenny, do you know ________?
—Er, next Tuesday.
A．when the sports meeting will take place B．when will the sports meeting take place
C．where the sports meeting will take place D．where will the sports meeting take place
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——珍妮，你知道运动会什么时候举行吗？——额，下周二。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据“next Tuesday”可知上文询问时间，用when引导宾语从句。故选A。
14．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?
—You can take No. 6 bus there. It’s about 15 minutes’ ride.
A．how far is the Slender West Lake B．how far the Slender West Lake is
C．how can I get to the Slender West Lake D．how I can get to the Slender West Lake
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去瘦西湖吗？——你可以在那里乘坐6路公交车。大约15分钟的车程。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“You can take No. 6 bus there”可知上句询问应如何去某地，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。
15．（2022·四川成都·中考真题）—I wonder _______ life will be different in the future.
—Maybe we will be able to live on another planet with the development of space technology.
A．when B．how C．what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——我想知道未来的生活会有什么不同。——也许随着太空技术的发展，我们将能够生活在另一个星球上。
考查宾语从句。when何时；how如何，怎样；what什么。根据“I wonder...life will be different in the future.”可知，此处含宾语从句，从句为主系表结构，不缺主要成分，排除C；结合答句可知，询问生活会有怎样的不同，用how引导宾语从句。故选B。
16．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）— I wonder ________ late for school yesterday.
— Bad luck! I got up late and missed the bus.
A．how you were B．why were you C．how were you D．why you were
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——我想知道你昨天为什么上学迟到了。 ——运气太差了！我起晚了，没赶上公共汽车。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除BC；根据“I got up late and missed the bus.”可知，此处解释迟到的原因，故选D。
17．（2022·四川乐山·中考真题）—Hi, Jack. Do you know __________? I want to thank him or her in person.
—No, it was just left on the front desk.
A．who sent my wallet back
B．where did they find my wallet
C．how much money was in my wallet
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——嗨，杰克。你知道是谁把我的钱包送回来的吗？我想亲自感谢他或她。——不知道，只是放在前台了。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B；根据“I want to thank him or her in person.”可知，此处是问谁把我的钱包送回来的，用who引导的宾语从句，故选A。
18．（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ for the fruit?
—You can just pay on the phone.
A．how much will I pay B．how will I pay C．how much I will pay D．how I will pay
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我怎么付水果的钱吗？——你只需在手机上付款即可。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AB；根据“You can just pay on the phone”可知此处询问付款方式，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。
19．（2022·四川广元·中考真题）—The 2022 Winter Olympics was held in China. Do you know ______?
—Yes. In Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
A．when it was held B．when was it held C．which cities was it held in D．which cities it was held in
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——2022年冬奥会在中国举行。 你知道它在哪些城市举行吗？——是的。 在北京和张家口。
考查宾语从句。根据“Do you know”可知，本句是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除BC选项；再根据“In Beijing and Zhangjiakou.”可知，此处是询问的是地点，在哪些地方举办。故选D。
20．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________ ?
—Next Sunday.
A．when I can get back my notebook B．when can I get back my notebook
C．how long I can get back my notebook D．how long can I get back my notebook
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我什么时候我能拿回我的笔记本吗？ ——下个星期天。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除BD；根据答语“Next Sunday.”可知，对时间点提问，故选A。
考点2 定语从句
21．（2022·四川成都·中考真题）Rome is an ancient city _______ is full of places of interest.
A．where B．which C．who
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：罗马是一座充满名胜古迹的古城。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是物“an ancient city”，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选B。
22．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin?
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A．that; more touching B．what; less touching C．that; more touched D．which; less touched
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你喜欢《长津湖》这部电影吗？——当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人了。
考查定语从句和形容词辨析。第一处是定语从句，先行词是物，引导词在从句中作主语，排除B。touching感人的；touched感动的。此处修饰电影，用ing结尾的形容词，排除CD。故选A。
23．（2022·四川乐山·中考真题）— What kind of books do you like best?
— I like books ________ are about science and technology.
A．who B．whom C．which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你最喜欢什么类型的书？——我喜欢关于科学和技术的书。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词books是指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系词which引导定语从句，故选C。
24．（2022·四川自贡·中考真题）—What do you think of the Monkey King?
—I think he’s a hero ________ keeps fighting to help the weak people.
A．who B．where C．whose
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你觉得孙悟空怎么样？——我认为他是一个为帮助弱者而不断战斗的英雄。
考查定语从句。who谁；where哪里；whose谁的。句子是定语从句，先行词是人hero，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选A。
25．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意：学生喜欢开朗幽默的老师。
考查定语从句。此处含定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。
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