专题19短文填空
考点5 提示词填空
（一）（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）
根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。
Zhang Yugun is head of Heihumiao Primary School in
Henan Province. He ___51___ (be) a person full of love and
responsibility(责任).
After graduation in 2001, Zhang chose to work in the poor countryside. Over the past 21 years, he ___52___ (see) many teachers come and go because of the poor conditions in the village. However, he has stayed on and made every effort to help the children deal with their ___53___(problem).
One winter, travelling on the mountain road was much___54___ (difficult) than usual. The school was about to start, but those ___55___ (student) books were still in a town outside the village. Then Zhang and another teacher left early in the morning with a shoulder pole(扁担). They carried back kilos of books. When they ___56___ (get) to the school, they were both covered in mud(泥), but the books were protected ___57___ (good). In 2006, a cement road(水泥路)___58___ (build) in the village. So Zhang started to carry the books with a motorbike. Although four motorbikes broke down, he never ___59___(stop).
In order to provide better care for the students whose parents had left the village to find work in the city, Zhang asked his wife to give up her job to help ___60___ (cook) and clean for the students. Thanks to the teachers like Zhang, the students in Heihumiao Primary School are able to learn at school and hope for a brighter future.
【答案】51．is
52．has seen
53．problems
54．more difficult
55．students’
56．got
57．well
58．was built
59．stopped
60．cook
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍张玉滚的个人事迹。
51．
句意：他是一个充满爱心和责任感的人。时态是一般现在时，主语是He，故填is。
52．
句意：在过去的21年里，他目睹了许多教师因为村里的恶劣条件来了又走。根据“Over the past 21 years”可知，时态是现在完成时（have/has done），主语是he，助动词使用has，故填has seen。
53．
句意：然而，他留下了，并尽一切努力帮助孩子们解决他们的问题。孩子们的问题不止一个，用名词复数形式，故填problems。
54．
句意：有一年冬天，在山路上行走比平时难得多。根据“than usual”可知，此处用形容词比较级，故填more difficult。
55．
句意：学校就要开学了，但那些学生的书还在村外的一个小镇上。those修饰可数名词复数，此处作定语修饰books，所以用名词复数的所有格，故填students’。
56．
句意：当他们到达学校时，他们都满身是泥，但书被保护得很好。根据“were”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填got。
57．
句意：当他们到达学校时，他们都满身是泥，但书被保护得很好。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填well。
58．
句意：2006年，村里修建了一条水泥路。主语“a cement road”是动作的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词使用was，故填was built。
59．
句意：虽然有四辆摩托车坏了，但他从未停下来。根据“broke down”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填stopped。
60．
句意：为了更好地照顾那些父母离开农村到城市找工作的学生们，张要求他的妻子放弃工作，帮学生做饭和打扫卫生。此处与clean并列，help do sth“帮助做某事”，使用动词原形，故填cook。
（二）（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，使语篇意思完整，必要时请用否定式。
Many have heard of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is ___46___ (really) popular in southern China. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup?
When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also ___47___(harm) to the environment. Without a fin, a shark ___48___ (can) swim any longer and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If ___49___ (they) numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the ___50___ (strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks ___51___ (catch) and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks ___52___(fall) by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
___53___ (environmental) protection groups around the world are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments ___54___ (develop) laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific ___55___ (study) have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help save the sharks!
【答案】46．really
47．harmful
48．can’t##cannot
49．their
50．strongest
51．are caught
52．have fallen
53．Environmental
54．to develop
55．studies
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了因为人类大量捕杀鲨鱼，导致鲨鱼的数量急剧下降，使整个海洋生态系统处于危险之中，所以作者呼吁人们停止捕杀鲨鱼。
46．
句意：这道名菜名贵，在中国南方真的很受欢迎。此处修饰形容词popular用副词really“真地”。故填really。
47．
句意：这不仅残忍，而且对环境有害。根据“This is not only cruel, but also...to the environment”可知此处是结构“be harmful to”，意为“对……有害”，形容词作表语。故填harmful。
48．
句意：没有鳍，鲨鱼就不能再游泳，慢慢地死去。根据“Without a fin, a shark...swim”可知没有鳍，鲨鱼就不能再游泳，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，表示现在的能力用can’t/cannot“不能”。故填can’t/cannot。
49．
句意：如果它们的数量下降得太少，就会给所有海洋生物带来危险。空格后有名词，用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”。故填their。
50．
句意：因为它们是食物链中最强壮的。根据“in their food chain”可知此处指食物链中最强壮的，用形容词的最高级strongest“最强壮的”。故填strongest。
51．
句意：但事实上，每年约有7000万条鲨鱼在这个行业被捕获和交易。句子主语sharks和谓语catch“抓住”之间是被动关系，根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态be done，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are caught。
52．
句意：在过去的20到30年间，某些鲨鱼的数量下降了90%以上。fall“下降”，根据“in the last 20 to 30 years”可知句子使用现在完成时have/has done，主语是“The numbers of some kinds of sharks”，助动词用have。故填have fallen。
53．
句意：世界各地的环保组织都在向公众传授鱼翅的知识。此处修饰名词protection groups用形容词environmental“环境的”，放句首首字母大写。故填Environmental。
54．
句意：他们甚至要求政府制定法律来停止销售鱼翅。develop“发展”，ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。故填to develop。
55．
句意：到目前为止，还没有科学研究表明鱼翅对健康有益。study“研究”，根据“have”可知句子主语使用名词复数。故填studies。
（三）（2022·浙江湖州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
The tradition of tea drinking began in China thousands of years ago. It soon became ____43____ (流行的；受欢迎的) because it was healthy and gave people energy. Later, tea was brought to some countries in ____44____ (东方的) Asia, such as Japan and Korea. Nowadays, Chinese tea has become a world drink.
Some of the world’s tastiest teas ____45____(生长) in China. Oolong tea is one of the best and it has many different kinds. One of them has a light brown ____46____(颜色) and tastes like honey. Another special kind has a heavier, burnt taste.
Perhaps the best way for beginners to enjoy tea is to ____47____ (出席；参加) traditional tea art performances which are held at tea houses and tea farms around the country.
Several steps are planned ____48____ (细致地；小心地) in each performance. First, heat the pots and tea cups with warm water. Then, put some tea ____49____ (叶子) into the teapot. Next, pour hot water from a specific height. After that, make sure the tea is boiled for a proper time.
When the tea is ready, drinkers should ____50____(闻到；嗅) it before taking a sip. It’s ____51____(有礼貌的) to finish each cup in three small sips. The performance provides a chance to appreciate this valuable ____52____(礼物；馈赠) from nature.
【答案】43．popular
44．East##eastern
45．grow
46．color##colour
47．attend
48．carefully
49．leaves
50．smell
51．polite
52．gift##present
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了中国的饮茶传统。
43．
句意：它很快就流行起来，因为它有益健康，给人以能量。根据“became”和中文提示可知，需要形容词作表语，popular“流行的”符合句意；故填popular。
44．
句意：后来，茶被带到了东亚的一些国家，如日本和韩国。根据“Asia”和中文提示可知，可以用名词或形容词修饰名词，East Asia/easten Asia“东亚”符合句意；故填East/eastern。
45．
句意：世界上一些最美味的茶叶生长在中国。根据“Some of the world’s tastiest teas”和中文提示可知，是一般现在时态，主语是复数，动词用原形，grow“生长”符合句意；故填grow。
46．
句意：其中一种是浅棕色的，吃起来像蜂蜜。根据“a light brown”和中文提示可知，需要一个名词单数，color/colour“颜色”符合句意；故填color/colour。
47．
句意：对于初学者来说，品茶最好的方式可能是参加在全国各地的茶馆和茶场举行的传统茶艺表演。根据“is to ”和中文提示可知，需要一个动词原形，attend“参加”符合句意；故填attend。
48．
句意：每次演出都要精心策划好几个步骤。根据“Several steps are planned”和中文提示可知，需要副词修饰动词，carefully“小心地”符合句意；故填carefully。
49．
句意：然后，在茶壶里放一些茶叶。根据中文提示可知，leaf“叶子”，可数名词；结合“some”，需要名词复数，leaves符合句意；故填leaves。
50．
句意：当茶准备好后，饮茶者应该闻一闻再喝一口。根据“should”和中文提示可知，需要一个动词原形，smell“闻到”符合句意；故填smell。
51．
句意：在三小口内喝完每一杯是礼貌的。根据“It’s”和中文提示可知，需要形容词作表语，polite“礼貌的”符合句意；故填polite。
52．
句意：演出提供了一个机会来欣赏这个来自大自然的珍贵礼物。根据“this valuable”和中文提示可知，需要一个名词单数，gift/present“礼物”符合句意；故填gift/present。
（四）（2022·浙江金华·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
London Zoo is one of the top attractions in Britain and it is the world’s ___46___（最老的）scientific zoo. It was built over 180 years ago. Now it is run by the Zoological Society of London.
The zoo can be found in the heart of London. ___47___（虽然）it lies in the middle of the city, the zoo still has a large ___48___（数目）of animals to see, including lions, giraffes, tigers, ___49___（猴子）and so on. In fact, there are 750 different groups, making it one of the largest collections of animals in the UK.
The zoo is ___50___（分成）into many different areas, such as Lions and Tigers, where you can get very close to a family of beautiful but endangered big cats from Asia. These places are great fun to explore and help make it very ___51___（受欢迎的）with tourists from different parts of the world.
Shopping can also be done in the zoo. There are several places where you can buy food and drink. Gifts ___52___（两者）about the zoo and the city can be bought in many shops.
The best way to ___53___（到达）the zoo is to take the underground. As it is in the ___54___（北面）end of Regent’s Park, it only takes ten minutes to walk ___55___（穿过）the park from Regent’s Park Underground Station.
【答案】46．oldest
47．Although##Though
48．number
49．monkeys
50．divided
51．popular
52．both
53．reach
54．north##northern
55．through##across
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了伦敦动物园的情况，介绍了它的位置，里面的设施以及人们在里面可以做哪些活动。
46．
句意：伦敦动物园是英国最著名的景点之一，也是世界上最古老的科学动物园。根据中文提示可知，此空应填形容词最高级oldest表示“最古老的”，故填oldest。
47．
句意：虽然它位于城市的中心，动物园仍然有大量的动物可以看，包括狮子，长颈鹿，老虎，猴子等。根据中文提示可知，although/though表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填Although/Though。
48．
句意：虽然它位于城市的中心，动物园仍然有大量的动物可以看，包括狮子，长颈鹿，老虎，猴子等。根据中文提示可知，number表示“数目”，a large number of表示“大量的”，故填number。
49．
句意：虽然它位于城市的中心，动物园仍然有大量的动物可以看，包括狮子，长颈鹿，老虎，猴子等。根据中文提示可知，monkey表示“猴子”，此空与lions，giraffes构成并列关系，故此空应填名词复数形式，故填monkeys。
50．
句意：动物园被分成许多不同的区域。根据中文提示可知，divide表示“分成”，is与过去分词构成一般现在时被动语态，故此空应填过去分词，故填divided。
51．
句意：探索这些地方是非常有趣的，并使它受到世界各地游客的欢迎。根据中文提示可知，popular“受欢迎的”，形容词作宾补，故填popular。
52．
句意：在许多商店都能买到有关动物园和城市的礼物。根据中文提示可知，both表示“两者”，both…and表示“……和……都”，故填both。
53．
句意：去动物园最好的方法是乘地铁。根据中文提示可知，reach表示“到达”，及物动词，后可直接接宾语，动词不定式作后置定语，空格前已有to，此空应填动词原形，故填reach。
54．
句意：由于它位于摄政公园的北端，从摄政公园地铁站步行穿过公园只需要十分钟。根据中文提示可知，此空应填north或northern表示“北面”，故填north/northern。
55．
句意：由于它位于摄政公园的北端，从摄政公园地铁站步行穿过公园只需要十分钟。根据中文提示可知，walk through/across表示“步行穿过”，故填through/across。
（五）（2022·浙江丽水·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Finland, a small country located in Northern Europe along the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, is a beautiful place to ____46____（参观）.Winter is the most popular season in Finland. The ____47____（太阳）, disappears for months in the northernmost part of the country. People have to wear very heavy ____48____（外套） to keep warm. The white snow, bright moon and stars, and — if you are ____49____（幸运的）enough — the colorful Northern Lights create the ____50____（著名的）and surprising light and magical scene. One of the best ways to experience the scene is to sleep in a ____51____ （玻璃）hut, surrounded by nature. You can just stay ____52____（在……里面）, warm and comfortable, looking at the night sky and waiting.
The air quality in Finland is the best in the world according to the data from WHO. As 75% of the country is covered by forests, people can connect with nature ____53____（容易地）. Finnish people often enjoy the small things in ____54____（日常的）lives, like just sitting quietly by a lake. So if you have the chance to Finland, just take a deep breath, hike in the forest or simply ______55______（休息）on a smooth rock by the sea.
【答案】46．visit
47．sun
48．coats
49．lucky
50．famous##well-known
51．glass
52．inside
53．easily
54．daily
55．rest
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述芬兰的地理位置，天气和良好的空气质量，人们在芬兰可以享受的活动。
46．
句意：芬兰，位于北欧，波罗的海，波的尼亚湾和芬兰海湾沿岸的一个小国家，是一个美丽的地方，值得人们参观。名词“place”后用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“参观”用动词“visit”。故填visit。
47．
句意：太阳在国家的北部大部分地方消失好几个月。句子缺主语，根据“disappears”可知主语是单数概念，表达“太阳”用名词“sun”。故填sun。
48．
句意：人们必须穿很厚重的外套来取暖。动词“wear”后缺宾语，根据“people”可知是复数概念，表达“外套”用复数名词“coats”。故填coats。
49．
句意：白色的雪，明亮的月亮和星星，还有，如果你足够幸运，你可以看到多彩的北极光。句子用“形容词+enough”的结构，表达“幸运的”用形容词“lucky”作表语。故填lucky。
50．
句意：创作出著名的让人惊奇的光和魔幻的场景。根据“and surprising”可知用形容词形成并列结构，表达“著名的”用形容词“famous”或“well-known”。故填famous/well-known。
51．
句意：经历这个场景的最好的方式之一是睡在一个玻璃屋里，被大自然包围着。表达“玻璃屋”，名词“hut”前用名词“glass”作定语。故填glass。
52．
句意：你可以只是待在屋里面，温暖舒适，看着夜空等待着。动词“stay”用副词修饰，表达“在……里面”用副词“inside”。故填inside。
53．
句意：国家四分之三的地方覆盖着森林，人们很容易亲近自然。动词“connect”用副词修饰，表达“容易地”用副词“easily”。故填easily。
54．
句意：芬兰人经常享受日常生活里的小事物，比如只是静静地坐在湖边。名词“lives”用形容词修饰，表达“日常的”用形容词“daily”作定语。故填daily。
55．
句意：因此如果你有机会去芬兰，只要深呼吸，在森林里远足或者只是在海边的平滑的岩石上休息。根据“take a deep breath, hike in the forest or”可知用动词原形形成并列，表达“休息”用动词“rest”。故填rest。
（六）（2022·浙江绍兴·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
Nurse Charlie
Several months ago, I had a car accident and required an operation. My wife Geraldine, told me that for the three days I was in hospital, our black dog, Charlie, ____46____ (躺) at the door waiting for my return.
Charlie is ____47____ (六) years old. Whenever I go out and can’t take him with me, he patiently waits at the ____48____ (前面) door for me. Geraldine says that at times he will not leave his place even when facing delicious food — very ____49____ (不寻常) for a dog.
After I returned home, Charlie must have sensed that there was something different about me. For my ____50____ (安全), he did not jump up to greet me, although his moving tail ____51____ (清晰) showed that he was happy to see me. Instead, he waited till I could comfortably____52____ (休息) in bed. Then he hesitantly (踌躇地) came close to me and sat at the foot of my bed.
As I started to become more mobile, he played with me in a more gentle way. I am now much healthier and ____53____ (有时) we go for walks together. Charlie does not ____54____ (拉) hard on the lead. Besides, his steps try to suit ____55____ (我的).
I could not have asked for a more careful nurse.
【答案】46．lay
47．six
48．front
49．unusual##uncommon
50．safety
51．clearly
52．rest##relax
53．sometimes
54．pull
55．mine
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了作者在出车祸住院期间，他的狗在门口等着他回来，在他回来之后，狗狗温柔地陪着作者。
46．
句意：我的妻子Geraldine告诉我，在我住院的三天里，我们的黑狗Charlie躺在门口等我回来。躺：lie，描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，动词用过去式lay。故填lay。
47．
句意：Charlie六岁了。六：six，此处表示年龄用基数词。故填six。
48．
句意：他耐心地在前门等我。此处修饰名词door用形容词front“前面的”。故填front。
49．
句意：有时即使面对美味的食物，他也不会离开他的地方——这对狗来说是很不寻常的。不寻常的：unusual/uncommon。故填unusual/uncommon。
50．
句意：为了我的安全，他并没有跳起来迎接我。形容词性物主代词my后加名词safety“安全”，不可数名词。故填safety。
51．
句意：虽然他那移动的尾巴清楚地表明他很高兴见到我。此处修饰动词showed用副词clearly“清晰地”。故填clearly。
52．
句意：相反，他一直等到我可以舒服地躺在床上休息。休息：rest/relax，情态动词could后加动词原形。故填rest/relax。
53．
句意：我现在健康多了，有时我们一起散步。有时：sometimes，频度副词。故填sometimes。
54．
句意：Charlie并没有在前面用力拉。拉：pull，助动词does后加动词原形。故填pull。
55．
句意：此外，他的脚步尽量适合我的。此处指“我的脚步”，空格后没有名词，此处用名词性物主代词mine“我的”。故填mine。
（七）（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。
Chen Gang is a professor from China University of Geosciences. His son, Chen Lihao, is a university ____41____ (学生). They reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, the world’s highest peak, on ____42____(四月) 30th, 2022. During their journey, they did scientific research and ____43____ (收集) ice, snow, plants and pieces of rocks. They were honoured as ____44____(英雄) after they returned.
Chen Gang likes ____45____ (爬) mountains. He has been to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau many times over the past ____46____(九) years. Although he meets lots of difficulties, he ____47____(从不) thinks of giving up. He nicely connects his hobby with his career. As for his ____48____ (勇敢的) son Chen Lihao, he is a national first-class mountaineer. He always ____49____(训练) hard and gets ready for more challenges. The father and son ____50____ (两者都) show great courage and abilities. They closely combine their personal futures with national needs.
【答案】41．student
42．April
43．collected
44．heroes
45．climbing
46．nine
47．never
48．brave
49．trains
50．both
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲陈刚和陈李昊父子俩成功登上珠穆朗玛峰的事情及他们的经历。
41．
句意：他的儿子，陈李昊，是一名大学生。“学生”student，a后用其单数形式。故填student。
42．
句意：2022年4月30日，他们登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。“四月”April，专有名词。故填April。
43．
句意：在旅途中，他们做了科学研究，收集了冰、雪、植物和岩石。“收集”collect。根据“did”可知用一般过去时，collect的过去式为collected。故填collected。
44．
句意：他们回来后被尊为英雄。“英雄”hero，根据“They”可知用复数，hero的复数形式为heroes。故填heroes。
45．
句意：陈刚喜欢爬山。“爬”climb，like doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填climbing。
46．
句意：在过去的9年里，他多次来到青藏高原。根据“years”可知此处用基数词，“九”nine。故填nine。
47．
句意：虽然他遇到了很多困难，但他从来没有想过放弃。“从不”never，副词作状语。故填never。
48．
句意：至于他勇敢的儿子陈李昊，他是国家一级登山运动员。“勇敢的”brave，形容词作定语。故填brave。
49．
句意：他总是刻苦训练，准备迎接更多的挑战。“训练”train。根据“gets”可知勇一般现在时，主语“He”后用动词第三人称单数形式trains。故填trains。
50．
句意：这对父子都表现出极大的勇气和能力。“两者都”both。故填both。
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