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COFFEE
The Food and Drug Administration has stepped into a simmering debate in California as to whether coffee should come with a cancer warning label.
美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration，简称fda)已介入加州一场酝酿已久的争论，即咖啡是否应该贴上癌症警示标签。
In March, a judge sided with a nonprofit organization called the Council for Education and Research on Toxics that argued that coffee contains high levels of acrylamide, a cancer-causing chemical compound produced as beans roast.
今年3月，一名法官站在了一个名为有毒物质教育与研究委员会(Council for Education and Research on Toxics)的非营利组织一边。该组织称，咖啡中含有大量丙烯酰胺(丙烯酰胺是一种可致癌的化合物，会随着咖啡豆烘烤而产生)。
Coffee companies didn't deny acrylamide's presence but argued that it was found at low levels that posed no significant health risk and was outweighed by other health benefits.
咖啡公司没有否认丙烯酰胺的存在，但辩称，它的含量很低，不会对健康造成重大风险，而它的健康好处利大于弊。
That argument wasn't compelling to Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge Elihu Berle.
洛杉矶县高等法院法官Elihu Berle并不认同这种说法。
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He ordered coffee companies in California to carry a cancer warning label under Proposition 65, the state's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act.
他命令加州的咖啡公司根据65号提案应贴上癌症警告标签，65号提案是加州的安全饮用水和有毒执法法案。
The law, which requires the state to maintain a list of harmful substances and businesses to notify customers of exposure, has led to both a reduction in carcinogenic chemicals and quick settlements over labels on foods.
这项法律要求州政府保留有害物质的清单，企业也要通知消费者接触到这些物质，这不仅减少了致癌化学物质的使用，还迅速解决了食品标签上的问题。
On Wednesday, FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb said in a statement that "if a state law purports to require food labeling to include a false or misleading statement, the FDA may decide to step in."
周三，FDA专员斯科特.戈特利布在一份声明中说，“如果州法律要求食品标签包含虚假或误导性的声明，FDA可能会决定介入。”
He added that a large body of research has found little evidence that coffee causes cancer and instead suggested that it might reduce the risk of some cancers:
他补充说，大量的研究几乎没有发现咖啡致癌的证据，反而表明咖啡可能会降低患某些癌症的风险:
"Strong and consistent evidence shows that in healthy adults, moderate coffee consumption is not associated with an increased risk of major chronic diseases, such as cancer, or premature death, and some evidence suggests that coffee consumption may decrease the risk of certain cancers."
“强有力且一致的证据表明，在健康的成年人中，适量饮用咖啡并不会增加罹患癌症或过早死亡等重大慢性病的风险。一些证据表明，饮用咖啡可能会降低患某些癌症的风险。”
The cancer label warning, he said, may "mislead consumers to believe that drinking coffee could be dangerous to their health when it actually could provide health benefits."
他说，癌症标签上的警告可能“误导消费者，让他们相信喝咖啡可能对健康有害，而实际上咖啡可以带来健康益处。”
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The agency also announced that it sent a letter of support to the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, which proposed a regulation to exempt coffee companies like Starbucks from putting the warning label on their products.
该机构还宣布，它向加州环境健康危害评估办公室(Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment)发出了一封支持信，信中提议出台规定，允许星巴克(Starbucks)等咖啡公司不用在其产品上贴上警告标签。
Attorney Raphael Metzger, who won the court case in March on behalf of the Council for Education and Research on Toxics, told us that he was shocked that the state would annul the judge's decision.
律师拉斐尔.梅茨格，他今年三月代表有毒物质教育和研究委员会打赢了官司，他告诉我们当听到州政府将撤销法官的判决时感到非常震惊。
"The takeaway is that the state is proposing a rule contrary to its own scientific conclusion. That's unprecedented and bad," Metzger said.
“结果是国家提出了一个与自己的科学结论相反的规则。这是前所未有的，也很糟糕。”梅茨格说道。
"The whole thing stinks to high hell."
“这整件事真是荒唐至极。”
National Coffee Association President and CEO Bill Murray embraced the state regulator's proposal earlier in August.
美国全国咖啡协会主席兼首席执行官比尔·默里在8月初接受了国家监管机构的建议。
"Any outcome other than that which OEHHAproposes would frustrate the scientific, legal and policy rationale upon which Proposition 65 is based," he said.
他说:“除了OEHHA（环境与健康危害评估办公室） 的提议之外，任何其他的结果都将阻碍65号提案的科学、法律和政策基础。”
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Murray also welcomed the FDA's actions.
穆雷也很拥护食品药监局的提议。
"Now that science has so comprehensively established the facts on coffee, we believe it is incumbent on regulators to give citizens confidence in what they are consuming," he said in a statement emailed to NPR.
他在发给美国国家公共电台(NPR)的一份电子邮件声明中表示:“既然科学已经如此全面地确定了有关咖啡的事实，我们相信，监管机构有责任让公民对自己的消费有信心。”
The federal regulator's involvement also received some praise from a leading cancer institute.
联邦监管机构的参与也得到了一家前沿的癌症研究所的一些赞扬。
Dale Shepard, an oncologist at Cleveland Clinic, said in a tweet, "Whew! My cup is nearly empty, so happy to see the @US_FDA is weighing in with some common sense on the judicial ruling in California that #coffee is a #cancer risk.
克利夫兰诊所的肿瘤学家戴尔·谢帕德在推特上说:“哇!我的杯子几乎是空的，所以很高兴看到有常识的@US_FDA能够涉入加州的司法裁决，裁决认为咖啡是一种癌症风险。
Best to rely more on the science."
“最好还是多依赖科学。”
对于这次咖啡事件朋友们有什么看法呢？欢迎给amber留言哦！
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