October
8.2018
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Even the cheapest homes are out of the reach of 40 per cent of young adults living in England in a fresh sign of the country’s housing crisis.
即使是最便宜的住房，生活在英国的40%的年轻人也买不起。这是英国住房危机的一个新迹象。
The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) said that barriers to home ownership were now so high that even with a 10 per cent deposit only 60 per cent of people aged 25 to 34 could borrow enough money to buy the cheapest home in their area.
英国财政研究所(Institute for Fiscal Studies)表示，如今购房的门槛如此之高，以至于25岁至34岁的人群中，即便只付10%的押金，也只有60%的人能够借到足够的钱，购买本地区最便宜的房子。
In London the situation is even more stark, with only one in three young adults holding a 10 per cent deposit able to borrow the funds to buy a home.
在伦敦，情况甚至更为严峻:只有三分之一的年轻人付得起10%的押金，能够借钱买房。
In 1996, 90 per cent of young adults in the capital would have been able to buy a house if they had a 10 per cent deposit and borrowed 4.5 times their salary.
1996年，如果伦敦90%的年轻人拥有10%的押金，并借到相当于工资4.5倍的贷款，他们就能买房。
Philip Hammond is urged today to give buy-to-let landlords a tax break if they sell to long-term tenants.
英国首相菲利普·哈蒙德(Philip Hammond)今天敦促，如果租给长期租户，买房出租的房东可以享受税收优惠。
The suggestion from the Tory think tank Onward comes as the chancellor is considering what measures to include for renters in his budget this month.
在保守党智囊团提出这一建议的同时，财政大臣正在考虑在本月的预算中包括哪些针对租房者的措施。
Landlords would have the “carrot” of full capital gains tax relief, which the think tank suggests could be split between landlord and tenant, leading to an average sale price reduction of £15,000.
房东们的“福利”将是完整的资本利得税减免,智库的建议可能会在业主与租客之间的分摊,导致平均销售价格降低15000英镑。
Mr Hammond is encouraged to wield a “stick” by paying for the policy with savings from scrapping other tax reliefs on buy-to-let homes.
人们鼓励哈蒙德挥舞“大棒”，通过取消对购房出租房屋的其他减税措施，好用省下来的钱为这项政策买单。
Other findings from the IFS research show that in 2016 about half of young adults needed to save more than six months of their after-tax income to raise a 10 per cent deposit for the cheapest home in their area, compared with a tenth of them in 1996.
IFS研究的其他发现显示，2016年，大约一半的年轻人需要将税后收入的6个月以上存起来，才能为所在地区最便宜的房子筹到10%的定金，而在1996年，这一比例仅为十分之一。
To buy an average-priced home more than three quarters of young adults would need a deposit worth six months’ income or more, up from one third in 1996.
要购买一套普通住房，四分之三以上的年轻人需要相当于6个月或以上收入的存款，高于1996年的三分之一。
The institute said that one of the biggest drivers of inequality was the surge in house prices.
该协会表示，造成不平等的最大因素之一是房价飙升。
It said that, even adjusting for inflation, average prices in England had risen 173 per cent since 1997, compared with a 19 per cent rise in young adults’ real incomes.
该机构表示，即使考虑到通胀因素，自1997年以来，英国的平均物价已上涨173%，相比之下，年轻人的实际收入增长了19%。
As a result the share of people aged 25 to 34 owning their home fell from 55 per cent to 35 per cent between 1997 and 2017.
因此，在1997年至2017年期间，25岁至34岁之间拥有住房的人口比例从55%降至35%。
The biggest rises in house prices happened before the financial crisis in 2008 and, a decade on, it is only in London, the southeast and the east of England where average house prices are back above their pre-crisis levels.
房价上涨幅度最大的是在2008年金融危机爆发前，10年过去了，只有伦敦、东南部和英格兰东部的平均房价回到了危机前的水平之上。
Polly Simpson, a research economist at the IFS and co-author of the research, said: “Big increases in house prices compared to incomes over the last two decades mean that it is increasingly difficult for young adults to get on the housing ladder, even if they do manage to save a 10 per cent deposit.
波利.辛普森，是英国财政研究所的一名研究经济学家也是这项研究的共同作者，他说：“与过去20年的收入相比，房价大幅上涨意味着，即使年轻人设法存下了10%的存款，他们也越来越难以进入住房阶层。”
“Many young adults cannot borrow enough to buy a cheap home in their area, let alone an average-priced one.”
“许多年轻人都无法借到足够的钱在自己居住的地区买到一套便宜的房子，更不用说一套中等价位的房子了。”
“ These trends have increased inequality between older and younger generations, and within the younger generation too.”
“这些趋势加剧了年轻一代和老一代之间以及年轻一代内部的不平等。”
The report said that the government should focus on boosting the supply of homes by easing planning restrictions.
报告称，政府应该通过放松规划限制来增加住房供应。
Jonathan Cribb, a senior research economist at the IFS and co-author of the report, said: “Increasing the responsiveness of construction to house prices is a necessary part of the solution . . . Unlike other policy alternatives this would both help reduce house prices, boost home ownership and reduce rents.”
IFS高级研究经济学家、报告作者之一乔纳森·克里布(Jonathan Cribb)表示:“提高建房对房价的响应能力是解决问题的必要组成部分。与其他政策选择不同，这将有助于降低房价、提高住房拥有率和降低租金。”
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