3D打印心脏？他们做到了！

The heart was created by researchers at the University of Tel Aviv.

这颗心脏是由特拉维夫大学的研究员们创建出来的。

For the first time in history, scientists have created a three-dimensional, fully vascularized human heart. 

这是历史上的第一次由科学家们创造出一个三维的，完全血管化的人类心脏。

The biomedically engineered heart was created using a 3D printer by researchers at the University of Tel Aviv in Israel.

这颗生物医学工程心脏是由以色列特拉维夫大学的研究人员用3D打印机制造的。

Modeled on a human patient, the 3D heart “[matches] the immunological, cellular, biochemical, and anatomical properties of the patient,” Dr. Tal Dvir, study researcher and professor of molecular cell biology at Tel Aviv University, said in a press release.

特拉维夫大学分子细胞生物学教授、研究人员塔尔.德维尔博士在一份新闻稿中说，以人类患者为模型的3D心脏“与患者的免疫、细胞、生化和解剖特性相匹配”。

He added that the heart is made from human cells, and “patient-specific biological materials.”

他补充说，心脏是由人类细胞和“病人特定的生物材料”制成的。

“Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future,” said Dr. Dvir.

德维尔博士说:“我们的研究结果显示了我们的方法在未来工程个性化组织和器官替换方面的潜力。”

Though it is still in the early stages of development, this invention represents a breakthrough for transplant medicine, as it may impact the lives of thousands of patients who await heart transplants for end-stage heart failure each year. 

虽然这项发明还处于开发的早期阶段，但它代表了移植医学的一个突破，因为它可能会影响每年成千上万等待心脏移植的终末期心力衰竭患者的生活。

A number of these patients will die while on the on the waiting list.

这些病人中有许多将在候诊名单上等待的过程中死亡。

The engineered heart is about the size of a rabbit’s heart. 

这个人造心脏的大小和兔子的心脏差不多。

As it continues to be redesigned to better reflect human anatomy, scientists are intrigued by the potential for 3D heart printing to become a widespread, life-saving technique in medical centers around the world.

随着3D心脏打印技术不断被重新设计，以更好地反映人体解剖结构，科学家们对3D心脏打印技术在世界各地的医疗中心成为一种广泛应用、拯救生命的技术的潜力很感兴趣。

This latest invention represents a major turning point for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), as heart transplantation is the only definitive treatment for patients in the end-stages of the disease. 

这项最新发明代表了充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的一个重要转折点，因为心脏移植是该疾病晚期患者的唯一确定治疗方法。

CHF symptoms range from extreme shortness of breath to leg swelling and unintentional weight gain. 

CHF的症状包括呼吸极度短促、腿部肿胀和无意中体重增加。

These patients are at higher risk from sudden death relating to dangerous heart rhythms.

这些患者因危险的心律而猝死的风险更高。

As such, CHF patients are frequently in-and-out of the hospital, require life-saving procedures to prevent dangerous heart rhythm, and suffer from a poor quality of life.

因此，CHF患者经常进出医院，需要挽救生命的程序来防止出现危险的心律，也得忍受很差的生活质量。

 Heart transplantation is oftentimes the only way to improve their quality of life and extend survival. 

心脏移植通常是提高他们生活质量和延长生存期的唯一途径。

Given the number of patients suffering from CHF each year, and its high healthcare costs, the study’s researchers were determined to “develop new approaches to regenerate the infarcted heart.”

考虑到每年CHF患者的数量和高昂的医疗成本，研究人员决定“开发新的方法来再生梗塞的心脏。”

The 3D heart was created from human cells obtained through biopsies. 

3D心脏是由活组织切片获得的人类细胞制成的。

These tissue samples were experimentally reprogrammed to become “pluripotent” or de-identified stem cells. 

这些组织样本被实验性地重新编程，成为“多能”干细胞或去鉴定的干细胞。

The stem cells were then exposed to chemicals or “bioinks” that helped to retrain them to become either heart or blood vessel cells.

然后，干细胞被暴露在化学物质或“生物墨水”中，这些化学物质或“生物墨水”帮助干细胞重新训练成心脏或血管细胞。

“The biocompatibility of engineered materials [was] crucial to eliminate the risks of implant rejection, which jeopardizes the success of such treatments,” said Dr. Dvir.

德维尔博士说:“工程材料的生物相容性对于消除植入物排斥的风险至关重要，而植入物排斥会危及此类治疗的成功。”

Transplant rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s immune system targets transplanted tissue, is a common problem in heart transplant patients.

移植排斥是心脏移植患者的一个常见问题，它会在受体的免疫系统以移植组织为目标时发生。

 It typically occurs within one year of heart transplantation, and accounts for a number heart transplant-related deaths.

它通常发生在心脏移植后的一年内，并会导致许多心脏移植相关的死亡。

Although the 3D human heart represents a promising step towards transplant engineering, further research is needed. 

虽然3D人体心脏代表了移植工程迈出了充满希望的一步，但还需要进一步的研究。

The model needs to be studied in vivo, meaning in live organisms – through future animal studies – to understand its true biologic impact on the body, particularly in people with cardiovascular disease.

该模型需要在体内进行研究，即通过未来的动物研究，在活的生物体中进行研究，以了解其对身体的真正生物学影响，特别是对心血管疾病患者的影响。

问题

文中提到这枚3D打印出来的心脏在哪方面跟真正的心脏不同？

A.免疫特性

B.解剖特性

C.大小

D.细胞特性

留言回复正确选项，前十名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦！赶快来试试吧！

图 | 秀米&自制（可商用）

文 | 网络整理（需替换）