With experts warning that the global climate crisis is becoming more and more dire, scientists and environmental activists say they are turning to the public to help effect change before it's too late.
专家警告说，全球气候危机正变得越来越可怕，科学家和环保活动人士说，他们正在向公众寻求帮助，以便在为时已晚之前实现变革。
The planet is emitting nine gigatons of carbon every year, and that amount increases annually, Jason Smerdon, a climate scientists for Columbia University's Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory.
哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特·多尔蒂地球天文台的气候科学家杰森·斯摩登说，地球每年排放90亿吨碳，而且这个数字还在逐年增加。
By other estimates, the amount could be more than 30 gigatons a year.
据其他估计，这一数字每年可能超过300亿吨。
And since the Industrial Revolution, more than 555 gigatons of carbon have been emitted into the atmosphere, Smerdon said, adding that scientists have determined a "climate budget" of another 100 to 150 gigatons that can be released before the Earth begins to warm more than 1.5 degrees Celsius -- when we will experience more extreme weather patterns, such as severe heat waves.
自工业革命以来,已经有超过555吨的碳释放到大气中,斯默登补充说,科学家们做了一种“气候预算”在全球变暖超过1.5度之前，还会另外再排放出100 - 150吨——到那时我们将经历更多极端的天气模式,如严重的热浪。
Other estimates of the amount of carbon that have been released are even higher.
对碳排放量的其他估计甚至会更高。
The Union of Concerned Scientists says, for instance, that nearly 1,500 gigatons of carbon have been emitted since 1751, with more than half of that since 1988.
例如，相关科学家联盟表示，自1751年以来，已经排放了近1.5亿吨碳，其中一半以上是1988年以来排放的。
If drastic changes aren't made now, the planet could "blow past" the carbon budget in the next decade, Smerdon said.
斯默登说，如果现在不做出重大改变，未来十年地球的碳排放可能会“远超过”预算量。
While individual changes may seem futile, experts say collective action from individuals is what's needed to convince political leaders and decision-makers to make larger changes.
虽然个人的改变似乎是徒劳的，但专家表示，我们仍需要个人的集体行动来说服政治领导人和决策者做出更大的改变。
Here's what climate change activists say you can do:
接下来我们就来看看关于我们该怎么做，气候学家是怎么说的：
1.Get out and vote
1.去投票
Solutions to halt the ongoing damage are already available, such as using renewable energy, restoring ecosystems, doing regenerative farming and making transportation greener, experts say.
专家们说，目前已经有了阻止持续破坏的解决方案，比如使用可再生能源、恢复生态系统、开展可再生农业以及让交通更加环保。
But they say it's up to the voter to put politicians in place to implement those changes.
但是他们说，是否让政客们实施这些改革取决于选民。
The Trump administration, for instance, has rolled back 85 environmental protections since 2017, including several on drilling and emissions, The New York Times reported.
例如，据《纽约时报》报道，自2017年以来，特朗普政府已经取消了85项环境保护措施，其中就包括了几项关于钻探和排放的措施。
Most recently, the administration has gone after the strict emissions regulations in California, part of what appears to be an escalating battle with the state.
最近，特朗普政府对加州严格的排放规定采取了行动，这似乎是与加州之间不断升级的斗争的一部分。
The president has defended his actions, saying his "administration has made it a top priority to ensure that America has among the very cleanest air and cleanest water on the planet" and that he is "revising the past administration’s misguided regulations to better protect the environment and to protect our American workers."
总统曾为他的行为辩解,说“他的政府已经使它成为首要任务,确保美国拥有地球上最清洁的空气和干净的水”,他是“修改过去政府的误导法规,更好地保护环境,保护我们的美国工人。”
Many states and other localities have taken matters into their own hands.
而许多州和其他地方已自行处理此事。
New York, for instance, passed legislation that would make the state carbon-neutral by 2050 -- the second state behind California to do so.
例如，纽约州通过了一项立法，将在2050年前使该州实现碳平衡——这是继加州之后第二个实现碳平衡的州。
And in New York City, lawmakers increased the on-street bike network by 330 miles, making it easier for commuters to opt for a greener way of getting around the metropolis, Smerdon said.
斯默登说，在纽约市，议员们将街头自行车网络增加了330英里，使通勤者更容易选择一种更环保的方式在城市中穿行。
Action like this illustrates why it's important to vote in every single election, said Dr. Ayana Elizabeth Johnson, a marine biologist, environmental policy expert and founder of the Urban Ocean Lab, a think tank for urban coastal cities.
创始人阿雅娜·伊丽莎白·约翰逊博士说，这样的行动说明了为什么每次选举都要投票很重要。
Shiv Soin, the lead organizer for the New York City youth climate strike that drew about 4 million demonstrators last week, recommended that voters call their local representatives to demand they take action, describing it as a "super safe way to get involved" and a way to make "sure your voice is heard."
希弗·索因是纽约青年气候罢工的组织者,上周他们吸引了大约400万名示威者,建议选民要求当地的代表采取行动,并把这种威胁描述成一种“超级安全的参与进来”和一种“让你的声音有人听到”的方式。
2.Know where you do business
2.知道你是在做什么生意
Just 100 companies worldwide are responsible for 71% of the world's industrial greenhouse gas emissions since 1988, according to a report by the non-profit Carbon Disclosure Project,published in 2017.
非盈利组织碳披露项目2017年发布的一份报告显示，自1988年以来，全球有100家企业的工业温室气体排放量占了全球的71%。
This is why it's important for consumers to know where they are putting their money, according to activists.
活动人士说，这就是为什么让消费者知道他们把钱放在哪里很重要。
A report published by the non-profit Rainforest Action Network (RAN) in March found that JPMorgan Chase has poured about $196 billion into the fossil fuel sector from 2016-2018, more than any other bank.
非营利组织雨林行动网络(RAN) 3月份发布的一份报告显示，从2016年到2018年，摩根大通向化石燃料行业投入了大约1960亿美元，超过了其他任何银行。
In a statement, JPMorgan said it promotes “inclusive economic growth and opportunity in communities where we operate, and by 2023 we will invest $1.75 billion towards these efforts."
摩根大通在一份声明中表示，它将“在我们经营的社区促进包容性经济增长和机会，到2023年，我们将为这些努力投资17.5亿美元。”
“We also work to advance environmental sustainability within our business activities and facilities," the statement said.
“我们还致力于在我们的商业活动和设施中促进环境的可持续性，”声明中说。
"We recognize the complexity of climate change issues and actively engage with a diverse set of stakeholders to understand their views. We firmly believe that balancing environmental and social issues with financial considerations is fundamental to sound risk management.”
“我们认识到气候变化问题的复杂性，并积极与各种利益攸关方接触，以理解他们的观点。我们坚信，平衡环境和社会问题与财务考虑是健全风险管理的根本。”
Lindsey Allen, executive director of RAN, said that it is important to “look at the institutions that are financing and expanding and digging us more deeply in this climate hole."
RAN执行董事林德赛·艾伦表示，重要的是“要看看那些为我们提供资金、不断进行扩张、并让我们更深地陷入气候黑洞的机构。”
Allen said that some banks in Europe have made progress, agreeing that they won't finance coal extraction going forward.
艾伦说，欧洲的一些银行已经取得了进展，同意今后不会为煤炭开采提供资金。
Several American banks have pledged to cut financing for coal as well, including JPMorgan and Citi, which cut lending by 62 percent and 87 percent, respectively, in that sector.
几家美国银行也承诺削减煤炭融资，包括摩根大通(JPMorgan)和花旗(Citi)，这两家银行在煤炭领域的贷款分别削减了62%和87%。
Citi spent $4.4 billion on coal power financing from 2016-2018 whereas the Bank of China spent $16 billion during that period, according to RAN data.
RAN的数据显示，从2016年到2018年，花旗在煤电融资上花费了44亿美元，而中国银行在此期间花费了160亿美元。
But the financial sector still isn't moving fast enough, she said.
不过金融板块在气候变化方面进行改革的部分还不够快，她说。
Individuals can take action by thinking about where their money "sleeps at night" and removing it from the banks that they believe don't have a commitment to mitigating climate change, Allen said.
艾伦说，个人也可以采取行动，想想他们的钱“晚上睡在哪里”，然后把钱从他们认为没有义务减轻气候变化的银行取出来。
"I think there really is an opportunity if consumers engage with their dollars and vote with their wallets to really increase the ambition of financial institutions with what the climate crisis demands," she said.
她说:“我认为，如果消费者用他们的美元，用他们的钱包来投票，就有机会真正提高金融机构应对气候危机的雄心壮志。”
3.Other actions you can take
3.别的你还能做什么
Despite any feeling to the contrary, every individual action counts, Smerdon said.
斯默登说，尽管有时感觉并非如此，但其实每个人的行动都很重要。
"We don't need people to be extreme about what they're doing," he said.
“我们不需要人们对他们所做的事情过于极端，”他说。
"Be conscious in every area that you can."
“只要在你能意识到的每一个领域保持清醒。”
Small steps make a big difference, according to the experts:
专家表示，一小步就能产生很大的影响：
-- Plant trees and grow your own food, even if you have just a small bit of land, Johnson said.
约翰逊说:“即使你只有一小块地，也可以自己种树，自己种食物。”
Also, choose foods that are grown regeneratively, which restores carbon to the soil, "where it belongs," Johnson added.
此外，选择可再生生长的食物，这可以将碳还原到土壤中，“这是土壤应有的，”约翰逊补充说。
-- Cut back on beef consumption, which has a “monumental” carbon footprint compared to any other meat, Smerdon said.
还应该减少牛肉的消费，与其他肉类相比，牛肉的碳足迹“尤为惊人”，斯默登说。
-- Reduce your carbon footprint by using less single-use plastic, Soin said.
索因组织说，可以通过减少一次性塑料的使用来减少碳足迹。
-- Install solar panels, if you can, and source electricity from non-carbon based energy sources, Smerdon said.
斯默登说，如果可以的话，你可以安装太阳能电池板，使用非碳能源来发电。
-- Put your special skills to use, Johnson said. Creatives can make art to inform and inspire.
发挥你的特长，约翰逊说，创意可以通过艺术来传达信息和启发人们。
Those with law backgrounds can use the law to fight for climate justice.
有法律背景的人可以利用法律为气候正义而战。
Web designers can create websites to help activists organize, and those with skills in the kitchen can cook meals to nourish the demonstrators.
网站设计师可以创建网站来帮助活动人士组织起来，而那些会做饭的人可以为示威者提供营养。
-- If you can't get rid of your car, switch from gas to electric, Smerdon said.
斯默登说:“如果你无法摆脱汽车，那就从汽油换到电力吧。”
-- Donate time or spare cash to organizations dedicated to the fight against climate change, Johnson said.
约翰逊说，你还可以为致力于应对气候变化的组织贡献时间或闲钱。
-- Continue to talk about climate change to transform the culture and "mobilize at the scale we need," Johnson said.
约翰逊说，我们继续讨论气候变化问题，以改变文化，并“以我们需要的规模动员起来”。
问题：
文中提到削减煤炭融资的是哪两家银行？
留言回复正确答案，前十名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！
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