More than 25 million people across the Indian state of Rajasthan faced government-mandated internet shutdowns and restrictions on Sunday, in an effort to prevent cheating in a mass exam.
周日，印度拉贾斯坦邦2500多万人面临政府强制的互联网关闭和限制，以防止在大规模考试中作弊 。
Hundreds of thousands of candidates sat the Rajasthan Teacher Eligibility Test (REET), an exam that paves the way to employment as a primary or secondary school teacher at government-run schools.
成千上万的候选人参加了拉贾斯坦邦教师资格考试，该考试为在公立学校担任小学或中学教师铺平了道路。
It's a coveted position that comes with generous benefits — and the exam hasn't been held in Rajasthan since 2018, which could be one reason there were so many candidates on Sunday.
这是一个令人垂涎的职位，福利丰厚——拉贾斯坦邦自2018年以来就没有举行过高考，这可能是周日有这么多考生的原因之一。
Thousands of test centers were set up across the state, with people traveling from their hometowns on free buses arranged by the government.
全国各地设立了数千个考点，人们可以乘坐政府安排的从家乡出发的免费大巴前往。
But, wary of potential cheating on the written exam — which has been rampant in the past — authorities ordered districts to issue internet restrictions to prevent any leaks of information.
但是，由于担心笔试中可能出现的作弊现象(这种现象在过去一直很猖獗)，有关部门命令各区发布网络限制，以防止任何信息泄露。
At least 10 districts shut down their mobile internet, though several kept broadband internet going to minimize disruption to businesses and daily life.
至少有10个地区关闭了移动互联网，但有几个地区保留了宽带互联网，以尽量减少对企业和日常生活的干扰。
In Jaipur district, the state's most populous with more than 6.6 million residents, the internet was shut down from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., according to Dinesh Kumar Yadav, the Jaipur divisional commissioner.
斋浦尔区是印度人口最多的地区，有660多万居民。据斋浦尔区区长迪内什·库马尔·亚达夫说，该地区的互联网从早上8点到下午5点都被关闭了。
"There were so many candidates ... we just wanted to make sure [there wasn't cheating]," Yadav said.
“候选人太多了……我们就是想确保(没有作弊)。”亚达夫说。
"People tried to cheat but we caught a lot of them. But because of the internet shutdown, the [test] paper was not leaked out."
“有人试图作弊，但我们抓住了很多人。不过，由于网络关闭，试卷没有外泄。”
He added that candidates sometimes use "different types" of instruments to try to cheat, and that other students "would get angry if they did not get a fair chance."
他补充说，考生有时会使用“不同类型的”工具来作弊，其他学生“如果没有得到公平的机会，就会生气”。
Several other major districts, including Alwar, Nagaur, Sikar and Ajmer, also imposed temporary internet shutdowns — adding up to a total of more than 25.2 million people affected, according to the most recent population estimates from the 2011 census.
其他几个主要地区，包括阿尔瓦尔、纳戈尔、西卡尔和阿杰梅尔，也实施了暂时的互联网关闭措施，根据2011年人口普查的最新人口估计，总共有超过2520万人受到影响。
According to the same survey, Rajasthan is home to more than 68 million people.
根据同样的调查，拉贾斯坦邦有6800多万人口。
Other anti-cheating measures included CCTV cameras at all testing centers, according to a document tweeted by Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot.
拉贾斯坦邦首席部长阿肖克·格洛特在推特上发布的一份文件显示，其他反作弊措施还包括在所有考试中心安装闭路电视摄像头。
Candidates were not allowed to bring in their own face masks from the outside; after arriving, they had to discard the masks they brought, then use masks provided at the testing center
考生不允许携带自己在考场外佩戴的口罩;到达考场后，他们不得不丢弃随身携带的口罩，然后使用考场提供的口罩。
The whole process of the exam — from the printing of the test papers, to their transportation then distribution to students at the testing center, was closely surveilled and videotaped, said the document.
该文件称，考试的整个过程——从试卷打印，到运输，再到在考点分发给学生——都被严密监控和录像。
Any exam workers or proctors involved in leaking the test papers would be immediately fired, and face potential legal action.
任何参与泄露试卷的考试工作人员或监考人员将立即被解雇，并可能面临法律诉讼。
It's not the first time Rajasthan has shut down the internet to curb cheating; the same thing happened in 2018 during a police constable exam, with the shutdown bringing banking and logistics industries to a standstill.
这已经不是拉贾斯坦邦第一次为了遏制作弊而关闭互联网;据报道，2018年的一次警员考试中也发生了同样的事情，政府关闭导致银行和物流行业陷入停滞。
The measures might sound extreme — but a number of widespread cheating scandals in the past few years have thrust the issue to the fore, with a few garnering international attention.
这些措施听起来可能有些极端，但过去几年来，一些普遍存在的作弊丑闻将这一问题推到了风口上，其中一些引起了国际社会的关注。
In one well-known instance in 2015, family members in the state of Bihar climbed up the outside of school buildings to pass cheat sheets to their children inside, who were taking year-end grade 10 examinations.
在2015年一个著名的例子中，比哈尔邦的家庭成员爬上学校大楼的外面，把小抄发给在里面参加10年级期末考试的孩子。
The desperation reflects the heavy emphasis on education in the country, where for many, proper schooling could be the key out of poverty.
这种绝望反映出该国对教育的高度重视，对许多人来说，适当的教育可能是摆脱贫困的关键。
In response, schools and authorities have experimented with different anti-cheating strategies, though some have backfired by prompting public outrage — as was the case in 2019 when one school in Karnataka state asked students to wear cardboard boxes on their heads during exams.
作为回应，学校和当局试验了不同的反作弊策略，尽管一些策略适得其反，引发了公众的愤怒——比如2019年卡纳塔克邦的一所学校要求学生在考试时戴纸盒。
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